{"id":5139,"date":"2026-09-19T15:15:14","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T15:15:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/"},"modified":"2026-09-19T15:15:14","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T15:15:14","slug":"naldrettite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/article\/naldrettite\/","title":{"rendered":"Naldrettit"},"content":{"rendered":"

Naldrettit je vz\u00e1cn\u00fd miner\u00e1l palladia-antimonid s chemick\u00fdm vzorcem Pd\u2082Sb. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi miner\u00e1ly palladia, antimonidy a miner\u00e1ly skupiny platiny. Naldrettit se \u010dasto vyskytuje ve form\u011b mikroskopick\u00fdch zrnek ve sulfidov\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch, mafick\u00fdch a ultramafick\u00fdch magmatick\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch, hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9mech a jin\u00fdch geologick\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch palladium a antimon.<\/p>\n

\"Naldrettit\"
Naldrettit<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Miner\u00e1l se obvykle vyskytuje jako p\u0159\u00edlo\u017en\u00e1 f\u00e1ze a ne jako hlavn\u00ed horninotvorn\u00fd miner\u00e1l. Jednotliv\u00e9 zrny jsou obvykle velmi mal\u00e9, \u010dasto m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e n\u011bkolik set mikrometr\u016f do pr\u016fm\u011bru, a jsou \u010dasto p\u0159ipojeny nebo uzav\u0159eny sulfidov\u00fdmi miner\u00e1ly. D\u00edky sv\u00e9mu mal\u00e9mu velikosti zrn a bl\u00edzk\u00e9mu spojen\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi miner\u00e1ly skupiny platiny je naldrettit norm\u00e1ln\u011b identifikov\u00e1n prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm odra\u017een\u00e9ho sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho mikroskopu, elektronov\u00e9ho mikroproba\u010dn\u00edho analyz\u00e1toru a krystalografick\u00fdch metod.<\/p>\n

Naldrettit pat\u0159\u00ed mezi miner\u00e1ly skupiny prvk\u016f zlat\u00e9ho kovu. Jeho slo\u017een\u00ed je dominovan\u00e9 palladiem a antimonem, i kdy\u017e v p\u0159irozen\u00fdch vzorc\u00edch mohou b\u00fdt nepatrn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed platiny, arzenu, \u017eeleza a s\u00edry. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed je vyj\u00e1d\u0159eno jako Pd\u2082Sb, zat\u00edmco analyzovan\u00e9 zrny mohou ukazovat omezenou chemickou substituci.<\/p>\n

Miner\u00e1l je nepr\u016fhledn\u00fd a kovov\u00fd vzhledem. Pod rovinn\u011b polarizovan\u00fdm odra\u017een\u00fdm sv\u011btlem se \u010dasto objevuje jasn\u011b kr\u00e9mov\u011b b\u00edl\u00fd. Je ortorombick\u00fd a pat\u0159\u00ed do prostorov\u00e9 skupiny Cmc2\u2081<\/strong>. Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha sb\u011bratelsk\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f se naldrettit nevyskytuje jako velk\u00e9 viditeln\u00e9 krystaly a nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed jako drahokam.<\/p>\n

Historie a n\u00e1zev Naldrettitu<\/h2>\n

Naldrettit byl poprv\u00e9 pops\u00e1n jako nov\u00e1 mineralesk\u00e1 l\u00e1tka v roce 2005. Typov\u00fd materi\u00e1l poch\u00e1z\u00ed z ____. Mesamax Severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed vklad<\/strong> v p\u00e1su Cape Smith v oblasti Ungava v severn\u00edm Quebecu, Kanad\u011b.<\/p>\n

Miner\u00e1l byl pojmenov\u00e1n podle Anthony J. Naldrett<\/strong>, geolog zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdm prac\u00ed na magmatick\u00fdch sulfidov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob\u00e1ch, nikl-m\u011b\u010f rudy a mineralizaci prvky skupiny platiny. Jeho v\u00fdzkum p\u0159isp\u011bl k pochopen\u00ed toho, jak se sulfidov\u00e9 rudy tvo\u0159\u00ed v mafick\u00fdch a ultramafick\u00fdch magma prost\u0159ed\u00edch.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed popis ozna\u010dil naldrettit jako nov\u00fd mezikovov\u00fd miner\u00e1l spojen\u00fd se slo\u017eitou sm\u011bs\u00ed sulfid\u016f, miner\u00e1l\u016f z \u0159ady platiny, tellurid\u016f, antimonid\u016f a zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f. Objeven\u00ed bylo zalo\u017eeno na jeho chemick\u00e9m slo\u017een\u00ed, optick\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed, krystalick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e a vztahu k jin\u00fdm miner\u00e1l\u016fm v rudy.<\/p>\n

Od p\u016fvodn\u00edho popisu byla naldrettit s t\u00edmto nebo podobn\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm hl\u00e1\u0161ena z n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edch geologick\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed magmatick\u00e9 nikl- m\u011b\u010f- platini\u010dt\u00ed elementy, hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eily spojen\u00e9 s porfyrick\u00fdmi m\u011bdi- zlat\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my, alja\u0161sk\u00e9 typy z\u00f3novan\u00fdch intruz\u00ed, alterovan\u00e9 chromity a jin\u00e9 metasomatick\u00e9 nebo metamorfn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vznik a geologick\u00e9 v\u00fdskyt naldrettitu<\/h2>\n

Naldrettit vznik\u00e1 v geologick\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed koncentrace palladia a antimonu a mohou se kombinovat b\u011bhem krystalizace nebo alterace hornin. Jeho vznik je \u010dasto spojen s pozdn\u00edmi st\u00e1dii magmatick\u00e9 krystalizace, hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed alterac\u00ed nebo metasomatickou aktivitou.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskyt typu v dolin\u011b Mesamax Northwest je um\u00edst\u011bn bl\u00edzko okraj\u016f bazaltov\u00fdch \u017eil. Naldrettit se vyskytuje spolu s sulfidov\u00fdmi miner\u00e1ly jako jsou pyrrhotit, pentlandit, chalcopyrit, galenit, sphalerit a kobaltit. Je tak\u00e9 spojen s klinochlorem, magnetitem, sudburitem, elektrem, altaitem, sperrylitem, micheneritem, petzitem a hessitem.<\/p>\n

V tomto typu prost\u0159ed\u00ed se paladium m\u016f\u017ee koncentrovat ve slou\u010denin\u011b bohat\u00e9 na s\u00edru nebo v pozdn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch tekutin. Antimon a dal\u0161\u00ed volatiln\u00ed prvky se mohou b\u011bhem chladnut\u00ed a alterace st\u00e1t mobiln\u00edmi. Kdy\u017e jsou chemick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky vhodn\u00e9, mohou se paladium a antimon precipitovat jako naldrettit.<\/p>\n

Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed studie dokumentovaly naldrettit v r\u016fzn\u00fdch geologick\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch. Je nej\u010dast\u011bji spojen s magmatick\u00fdmi Ni-Cu-PGE sulfidov\u00fdmi lo\u017eisky, kde se platinirov\u00e9 prvky koncentruj\u00ed p\u0159i odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a krystalizaci sulfidov\u00fdch tavenin. Byl tak\u00e9 hl\u00e1\u0161en z hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00edch \u017eil ve f\u00fazn\u00edch m\u011bdi-zlat\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech a z lo\u017eisek platinirov\u00fdch prvk\u016f souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s alja\u0161sk\u00fdmi typy z\u00f3novan\u00fdch intruzemi.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed dokumentovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady zahrnuj\u00ed metasomatick\u00e9 antimon-arsenidov\u00e9 rudy, metamorfn\u00ed nikl-oxidov\u00e9 rudy a podiformn\u00ed chromity. Tyto p\u0159\u00edpady ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee naldrettit nen\u00ed omezen na jeden konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed typ horniny nebo model z\u00e1sob.<\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech se zd\u00e1, \u017ee naldrettit vznikl b\u011bhem postmagnetick\u00e9ho hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00edho stadia. Kapaliny obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed palladium, antimon, arsen, bismut nebo tellur mohou pronikat trhlinami a alterovan\u00fdmi horninami a precipitovat minera\u0142y skupiny platiny p\u0159i relativn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Dokumentovan\u00fd v\u00fdskyt v Luanga Complex v Braz\u00edlii je spojen s chromitem v neoarkeansk\u00e9m vrstevnat\u00e9m z\u00e1sobenc\u00edch Caraj\u00e1s Mineral Province. V tomto v\u00fdskytu je naldrettit spojen s ferianchromitem, \u017eelezov\u00fdmi hydroxidy a chloritem. Miner\u00e1ln\u00ed asocioace nazna\u010duje vznik z metamorfn\u00edch nebo hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00edch tekutin, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e krystalizace prob\u011bhla pod p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 350 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Naldrettit v rudn\u00fdch prvk\u016fch platiny<\/h2>\n

Naldrettit je jednou z n\u011bkolika miner\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou hostit nebo zaznamen\u00e1vat paladium v rudy obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed prvky skupiny platiny. Paladium je \u010dasto mobiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed prvky skupiny platiny, zejm\u00e9na b\u011bhem hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed alterace a interakce s tekutinami obsahuj\u00edc\u00edmi volatiln\u00ed l\u00e1tky.<\/p>\n

Ve svarov\u00fdch rud\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee naldrettit vzniknout po hlavn\u00ed krystalizaci sulfidov\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f. Mineral m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt spojen s pyrrhotitem, pentlanditem, chalcopyritem nebo jin\u00fdmi sulfidy, nebo m\u016f\u017ee vznikat pod\u00e9l zrnov\u00fdch hranic a trhavin.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edtomnost naldrettitu ve vzorku rudy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tedy spojena s n\u011bkolika st\u00e1dii mineralogick\u00e9ho vzniku. M\u016f\u017ee vzniknout v pozdn\u00edm magmatick\u00e9m st\u00e1diu, kdy zbytkov\u00e9 taveniny se bohatnou na nestabiln\u00ed prvky, b\u011bhem hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed alterace, kdy tekutiny p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed paladium a antimon, nebo b\u011bhem metamorfn\u00edch a metasomatick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 modifikuj\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00ed asocaci.<\/p>\n

Naldrettit se obvykle vyskytuje ve velmi mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed. Obvykle se neodv\u00e1d\u00ed jako samostatn\u00fd rudy palladia. M\u00edsto toho se vyskytuje jako jeden p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs z\u00e1soby, kter\u00e9 mohou obsahovat \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed soubor miner\u00e1l\u016f skupiny platiny a sulfid\u016f kov\u016f.<\/p>\n

Krystalografick\u00e1 struktura a mineralogick\u00e9 vlastnosti naldreittitu<\/h2>\n

Naldrettit pat\u0159\u00ed do ortorombick\u00fd krystalografick\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/strong>. Jeho ozna\u010den\u00ed prostorov\u00e9 skupiny je Cmc2\u2081<\/strong>a = 3,3906 \u00c5, b = 17,5551 \u00c5 a c = 6,957 \u00c5.<\/p>\n

Krychlov\u00e1 struktura obsahuje t\u0159i krystalografick\u00e9 osy, kter\u00e9 se prot\u00ednaj\u00ed v prav\u00fdch \u00fahlech, ale maj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky. Struktura se li\u0161\u00ed od jin\u00fdch paladiov\u00fdch antimonid\u016f, i kde jsou chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed podobn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\"Naldrettit\"
Naldrettit<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Naldrettit se obvykle vyskytuje jako anhedr\u00e1ln\u00ed zrn\u00ed. Anhedr\u00e1ln\u00ed zrn\u00ed neukazuj\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed krystalick\u00e9 plochy, proto\u017ee vznikaj\u00ed mezi d\u0159\u00edve vznikl\u00fdmi miner\u00e1ly, pod\u00e9l hran zrn nebo v otev\u0159en\u00fdch prostorech uvnit\u0159 asociace rudy. Zrn\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 k sulfid\u016fm, tvarovan\u00e1 kolem zrn sulfid\u016f nebo zahrnuta ve zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdch miner\u00e1lech.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 zrny ukazuj\u00ed d\u016fkazy o vzniku polysyntetick\u00e9ho d\u011blen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00edm. D\u011blen\u00ed odrazuje orientovan\u00fd vztah mezi \u010d\u00e1stmi krystalick\u00e9 struktury a m\u016f\u017ee se vyvinout v reakci na vnit\u0159n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed nebo zm\u011bny b\u011bhem r\u016fstu miner\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

Miner\u00e1l se \u010dasto vyskytuje v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 asociaci s jin\u00fdmi miner\u00e1ly skupiny platiny. Tyto vztahy jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee miner\u00e1ly obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed palladium mohou m\u00edt podobn\u00fd vzhled ve vybrou\u0161en\u00fdch \u0159ezech. Identifikace miner\u00e1l\u016f tedy vy\u017eaduje chemick\u00e1 a struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed data krom\u011b optick\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Barva, lesk a optick\u00e9 vlastnosti naldrettitu<\/h2>\n

Naldrettit je nepr\u016fhledn\u00fd miner\u00e1l se kovov\u00fdm leskem. P\u0159i mikroskopii v odra\u017een\u00e9m sv\u011btle se \u010dasto objevuje jemn\u011b b\u00edl\u00fd, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i pohledu spolu s miner\u00e1ly jako pentlandit, pyrrhotit, klinochlore a chalcopyrit.<\/p>\n

Miner\u00e1l je nepleochroick\u00fd, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee neukazuje v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bny odra\u017een\u00e9ho barvy p\u0159i ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed stolku mikroskopu pod rovinn\u011b polarizovan\u00fdm sv\u011btlem. Je z\u0159eteln\u011b anizotropn\u00ed, tak\u017ee jeho jas nebo barva se m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit za k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch polariz\u00e1tor\u016f p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b orientace zrnka.<\/p>\n

Naldrettit m\u00e1 slabou bireflektnost. Bireflektnost znamen\u00e1 rozd\u00edl ve zrcadlen\u00ed pozorovan\u00fd p\u0159i pohledu na miner\u00e1l v r\u016fzn\u00fdch orientac\u00edch. U naldrettitu je tento efekt obvykle slab\u00fd, ale m\u016f\u017ee pomoci p\u0159i srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s vizu\u00e1ln\u011b podobn\u00fdmi miner\u00e1ly skupiny platiny.<\/p>\n

\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed odrazy se obvykle ne pozoruj\u00ed. Proto\u017ee je miner\u00e1l nepr\u016fsvitn\u00fd, vlastnosti proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho sv\u011btla, jako jsou pr\u016fsvitnost a lomov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, nejsou uplat\u0148ov\u00e1ny stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako u pr\u016fsvitn\u00fdch drahokam\u016f.<\/p>\n

Nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty odrazivosti rostou s del\u0161\u00edmi vlnov\u00fdmi d\u00e9lkami. Ve vzduchu jsou hodnoty odrazivosti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 49,0\u201350,9 % p\u0159i 470 nm, 53,2\u201355,1 % p\u0159i 546 nm, 55,4\u201357,5 % p\u0159i 589 nm a 58,5\u201360,1 % p\u0159i 650 nm. V kapaln\u00e9m oleji jsou odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed hodnoty ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Tato m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se prim\u00e1rn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro laboratorn\u00ed identifikaci a porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi nepr\u016fsvitn\u00fdmi rudy.<\/p>\n

Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed a chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti naldrettitu<\/h2>\n

Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed naldrettitu je vyj\u00e1d\u0159eno vztahem Pd\u2082Sb<\/strong>P\u0159irozen\u00e1 zrna mohou obsahovat mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed platiny, arzenu, \u017eeleza a s\u00edry. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech se platina \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nahrazuje paladium a arsen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nahrazuje antimon.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed typov\u00fd materi\u00e1l obsahoval p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 63,49 hmot. % palladia a 35,75 hmot. % antimonu, s mal\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm \u017eeleza, arzenu a s\u00edry. Analytick\u00fd celkov\u00fd obsah byl bl\u00edzk\u00fd 100 hmot. %, co\u017e je v souladu s ide\u00e1ln\u00edm slo\u017een\u00edm Pd\u2082Sb.<\/p>\n

Naldrettit je hust\u00fd miner\u00e1l, proto\u017ee palladium a antimon jsou oba relativn\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 prvky. Jeho vypo\u010dten\u00e1 hustota je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10,694 g\/cm\u00b3<\/strong>Vysok\u00e1 hustota pom\u00e1h\u00e1 rozli\u0161it jej od mnoha b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch sulfidov\u00fdch a silik\u00e1tov\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f, i kdy\u017e hustotu nelze obvykle p\u0159\u00edmo zm\u011b\u0159it na jednotliv\u00fdch mikroskopick\u00fdch zrnech.<\/p>\n

Miner\u00e1l m\u00e1 tvrdost podle stupnice Mohse p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 a\u017e 5<\/strong>. Byla nahl\u00e1\u0161ena pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 tvrdost mikroindentac\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 393 kg\/mm\u00b2. Naldrettit nem\u00e1 jasn\u011b pozorovanou sp\u00e1lovatelnost a jeho lom je nepravideln\u00fd. Jeho odolnost byla pops\u00e1na jako ta\u017en\u00e1 a flexibiln\u011b nepru\u017en\u00e1, co\u017e je v souladu s jeho kovov\u00fdm charakterem.<\/p>\n

Naldrettit je nepr\u016fhledn\u00fd a kovov\u00fd. Nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 krystaly a nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fd pro b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 gemologick\u00e9 testy. Jeho diagnostick\u00e9 vlastnosti jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed, chov\u00e1n\u00ed odra\u017een\u00e9ho sv\u011btla, krystalick\u00e1 struktura a asociace s jin\u00fdmi rudy.<\/p>\n

Jak je identifikov\u00e1n naldrettit?<\/h2>\n

Naldrettit nelze obvykle identifikovat nezaj\u00edmav\u00fdm vizu\u00e1ln\u00edm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm. Jeho zrn\u00ed jsou mikroskopick\u00e1, nepr\u016fsvitn\u00e1 a \u010dasto p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 k sulfidov\u00fdm miner\u00e1l\u016fm nebo uzam\u010den\u00e1 ve slo\u017eit\u00fdch rudy textur\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed stupe\u0148 identifikace zahrnuje obvykle mikroskopii odra\u017een\u00e9ho sv\u011btla. Sv\u011btl\u00e1 b\u011blav\u00e1 barva, kovov\u00fd lesk, slab\u00e1 dvojice odrazivosti, v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 anizotropie a absence vnit\u0159n\u00edch odraz\u016f poskytuj\u00ed p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fkazy. Av\u0161ak tyto vlastnosti nejsou dostate\u010dn\u011b jedine\u010dn\u00e9, aby mohly samy o sob\u011b ur\u010dit miner\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

Chemick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza se obvykle prov\u00e1d\u00ed pomoc\u00ed elektronov\u00e9ho mikroprobu. Tato metoda m\u016f\u017ee m\u011b\u0159it palladium, antimon, platina, arsen, \u017eelezo, s\u00edru a dal\u0161\u00ed prvky v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku jednotliv\u00fdch zrn. V\u00fdsledn\u00e1 slo\u017een\u00ed lze porovnat s ide\u00e1ln\u00edm vzorcem Pd\u2082Sb a se zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi substitu\u010dn\u00edmi vzory.<\/p>\n

Elektronov\u00e1 mikroskopie pro skenov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed morfologie zrn, kontakt\u016f se sulfidy, altera\u010dn\u00edch textur a vztah\u016f s jin\u00fdmi miner\u00e1ly skupiny platiny. Obr\u00e1zky odra\u017een\u00fdch elektron\u016f jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, proto\u017ee miner\u00e1ly s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi atomov\u00fdmi \u010d\u00edsly ukazuj\u00ed kontrast na vznikl\u00e9m obr\u00e1zku.<\/p>\n

Rentgenov\u00e1 difrakce a elektronov\u00e1 difrakce poskytuj\u00ed informace o krystalick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e. Tyto metody jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro rozli\u0161en\u00ed naldrettitu od chemicky podobn\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f palladu a antimonu, v\u010detn\u011b sudburyitu a jin\u00fdch antimonid\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u00dapln\u00e9 ur\u010den\u00ed by tedy m\u011blo kombinovat vlastnosti odra\u017een\u00e9ho sv\u011btla, kvantitativn\u00ed chemickou anal\u00fdzu, krystalografick\u00e1 data a geologick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed zrnka.<\/p>\n

Typy a variety naldrettitu<\/h2>\n

Naldrettit je uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n jako jedna miner\u00e1ln\u00ed druh a nem\u00e1 ofici\u00e1ln\u011b stanoven\u00e9 klenotn\u00ed nebo komer\u010dn\u00ed barvy. Rozd\u00edly mezi vzorky jsou obvykle spojeny s chemick\u00fdmi substitucemi, zrnitost\u00ed, hostitelsk\u00fdm horninou a prost\u0159ed\u00edm vzniku.<\/p>\n

\"Naldrettit\"
Naldrettit<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Typ v\u00fdskytu naldrettit ozna\u010duje materi\u00e1l z lo\u017eiska Mesamax Northwest v Quebecu, Kanada. Tyto zrny jsou spojeny se sulfidy, klinoklorem, magnetitem a jin\u00fdmi miner\u00e1ly skupiny platiny.<\/p>\n

Magmatick\u00fd sulfidov\u011b spojen\u00fd naldrettit se vyskytuje v niklu, m\u011bdi a prvk\u016fch skupiny platiny a je \u010dasto p\u0159ipojen\u00fd k pyrrhotitu, pentlanditu nebo chalcopyritu. Hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed naldrettit se vyskytuje v \u017eil\u00e1ch nebo alterovan\u00fdch oblastech, kde palladium a antimon byly transportov\u00e1ny tekutinami po krystalizaci hlavn\u00edch magmatick\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

Chromititov\u011b spojen\u00fd naldrettit se vyskytuje v ultramafick\u00fdch a vrstevnat\u00fdch intruz\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b dokumentovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu z Luanga Complex v Braz\u00edlii. Metamorfn\u00ed a metasomatick\u00e9 v\u00fdskyty mohou ukazovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 miner\u00e1ly a jinou substituci platiny nebo arsenu.<\/p>\n

Tyto kategorie popisuj\u00ed geologick\u00e9 v\u00fdskyt, nikoli form\u00e1ln\u011b pojmenovan\u00e9 varianty. Chemick\u00e9 rozd\u00edly, jako je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 n\u00e1hrada platiny za palladium nebo arzenu za antimon, neznamenaj\u00ed automaticky samostatn\u00e9 miner\u00e1ln\u00ed druhy.<\/p>\n

Naldrettit a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed palladov\u00e9 miner\u00e1ly<\/h2>\n

Naldrettit se m\u016f\u017ee vyskytovat spolu s n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edmi miner\u00e1ly obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed paladium. Sudburyit, se slo\u017een\u00edm PdSb, je chemicky souvisej\u00edc\u00ed, proto\u017ee tak\u00e9 obsahuje paladium a antimon. Ungavait, se slo\u017een\u00edm Pd\u2084Sb\u2083, je dal\u0161\u00ed miner\u00e1l obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed paladium a antimon, kter\u00fd byl zaznamen\u00e1n v lo\u017eisku Mesamax Northwest.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed spojen\u00e9 miner\u00e1ly skupiny platiny mohou zahrnovat sperrylit, michenerit, elektrom a r\u016fzn\u00e9 palladov\u00e9 telluridy a antimonidy. Rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto miner\u00e1l\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee mohou m\u00edt podobn\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 vzhledy a nach\u00e1zet se ve stejn\u00e9m polotvaru.<\/p>\n

Rozd\u00edly mezi souvisej\u00edc\u00edmi miner\u00e1ly jsou stanoveny jejich chemick\u00fdmi pom\u011bry, krystalick\u00fdmi strukturami, optick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi a difrak\u010dn\u00edmi vzory. Jednoduch\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed porovn\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed pro spolehlivou identifikaci dosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00ed a komer\u010dn\u00ed stav naldreittitu<\/h2>\n

Naldrettit nem\u00e1 ustanoven\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed jako drahokam, dekorativn\u00ed miner\u00e1l nebo pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Vyskytuje se jako mikroskopick\u00e1 zrn\u00ed a nen\u00ed odeb\u00edr\u00e1n ani zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1n jako samostatn\u00fd komer\u010dn\u00ed miner\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

Jeho ekonomick\u00e1 v\u00fdznamnost je spojena s geologick\u00fdmi z\u00e1sobami, ve kter\u00fdch se vyskytuje. Naldrettit m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edtomen v r\u0443\u0434\u00e1ch obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch palladium, platina, nikl, m\u011b\u010f, kobalt a dal\u0161\u00ed cenn\u00e9 kovy. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b samotn\u00e9 miner\u00e1l obvykle tvo\u0159\u00ed pouze malou \u010d\u00e1st celkov\u00e9 rudy a je typicky hodnocen jako sou\u010d\u00e1st cel\u00e9ho asambl\u00e1\u017ee miner\u00e1l\u016f skupiny platiny.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edtomnost naldrettitu m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout informace o rozlo\u017een\u00ed palladia, aktivit\u011b antimonu, hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed alteraci a pozdn\u00ed f\u00e1zi v\u00fdvoje rudotvorn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Mineralogick\u00e9 studie vzork\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch naldrettit tedy mohou pomoci p\u0159i charakterizaci rudy a procesn\u00edch mineralogick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumech.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee je miner\u00e1l jemnozrnn\u00fd a t\u011bsn\u011b spojen\u00fd se sulfidy, jeho odstra\u0148ovac\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na textu\u0159e nosn\u00e9ho rudy, velikosti zrn a pou\u017eit\u00fdch zp\u016fsobech zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011bhem mineraliza\u010dn\u00edho procesu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Naldrettite is a rare palladium-antimony mineral with the chemical formula Pd\u2082Sb. It is classified as a palladium mineral, an antimonide mineral, and a platinum-group mineral. Naldrettite commonly occurs as microscopic grains in sulfide-rich ore deposits, mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks, hydrothermal systems, and other geological environments containing palladium and antimony. The mineral is generally found […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5086,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"Naldrettite Mineral: Formula, Properties & Occurrence","_seopress_titles_desc":"Naldrettite is a rare palladium-antimony mineral with the formula Pd\u2082Sb. It occurs as microscopic grains in PGE ores, hydrothermal systems, and altered chromitites.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5139"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5140,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5139\/revisions\/5140"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}