{"id":5151,"date":"2026-09-20T06:14:36","date_gmt":"2026-09-20T06:14:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/"},"modified":"2026-09-20T06:15:31","modified_gmt":"2026-09-20T06:15:31","slug":"kernowite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/article\/kernowite\/","title":{"rendered":"Kernowite"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kernowit je hydratovan\u00fd m\u011b\u010f-\u017eelezo arsen\u00e1tov\u00fd miner\u00e1l s ide\u00e1ln\u00edm chemick\u00fdm vzorcem Cu\u2082Fe(AsO\u2084)(OH)\u2084\u00b74H\u2082O<\/strong>Jedn\u00e1 se o arsenitanovou horninu a analog v\u00fdhradn\u011b \u017eelezit\u00e9ho \u017eeleza lirokonitu, Cu\u2082Al(AsO\u2084)(OH)\u2084\u00b74H\u2082O<\/strong>Ve s\u00e9rie liroconit\u2013kernowit se Fe\u00b3\u207a nahrazuje Al\u00b3\u207a na strukturn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b bez z\u00e1sadn\u00edho zm\u011bny celkov\u00e9ho r\u00e1mce. Kernowit je definov\u00e1n v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee \u017eelezo t\u0159\u00edvalentn\u00ed je dominantn\u00edm obsahuj\u00edc\u00edm t\u00edmto m\u00edstem; materi\u00e1l s p\u0159evahou hlin\u00edku z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 liroconitem, i kdy\u017e jeho barva je siln\u011b zelen\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\"Kernowite\"
Kernowite<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Miner\u00e1l je zn\u00e1m\u00fd z star\u00fdch vzork\u016f, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sb\u00edran\u00fdch na dolu Wheal Gorland u St Day, Cornwall, Anglie. Vyskytuje se jako sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed miner\u00e1l v oxidovan\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti asociovan\u00e9ho m\u011b\u010fov\u00e9ho rudy. Kernowit je obvykle zelen\u00fd, zat\u00edmco dominuj\u00edc\u00ed hlin\u00edk lirokonit je typicky modr\u00fd a\u017e modrozelen\u00fd. Barva m\u016f\u017ee nazna\u010dovat zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd obsah \u017eeleza, ale nem\u016f\u017ee ur\u010dit identitu miner\u00e1lu, proto\u017ee mnoho zelen\u00fdch vzork\u016f ozna\u010den\u00fdch historicky jako lirokonit z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159i anal\u00fdze hlin\u00edkov\u011b dominantn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Historie a objevov\u00e1n\u00ed kernowitu<\/h2>\n

Kernowit byl schv\u00e1len jako nov\u00e1 mineralov\u00e1 specie Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed mineralogickou asociac\u00ed v roce 2020 pod \u010d\u00edslem n\u00e1vrhu IMA 2020-053. Jeho form\u00e1ln\u00ed popis minera\u0142u byl publikov\u00e1n v roce 2021. Typov\u00fd materi\u00e1l nen\u00ed vzorek z\u00edskan\u00fd ned\u00e1vno, ale historick\u00fd vzorek pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b dolovan\u00fd kolem roku 1800 v Wheal Gorland. P\u0159ed jeho op\u011btovn\u00fdm vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00edm byl materi\u00e1l ozna\u010den jako lirokonit a pro\u0161el n\u011bkolika historick\u00fdmi mineralogick\u00fdmi sb\u00edrkami, v\u010detn\u011b sb\u00edrek cornsk\u00e9ho kolektora Philipa Rashleigha a Sir Arthur Russell.<\/p>\n

Miner\u00e1l byl pojmenov\u00e1n podle Cornwall<\/em>, n\u00e1zev Cornish jazyka pro Cornwall. Volba odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed typick\u00e9 m\u00edsto v\u00fdskytu sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osobu. Kernowit byl identifikov\u00e1n po mineralogick\u00e9m vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee \u017eelezo t\u0159\u00edvalentn\u00ed, nikoli hlin\u00edk, dominuje odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed oktaedricky sou\u0159adn\u011b zasazen\u00e9 m\u00edsto ve materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159edt\u00edm za\u0159azen mezi lirokonit.<\/p>\n

Jeho rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed ilustruje slo\u017ekovou rozli\u0161en\u00ed v zn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b miner\u00e1l\u016f. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee zelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzorky lirokonitu \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed v\u00edce \u017eeleza ne\u017e modr\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady. Av\u0161ak bohatost na \u017eelezo sama o sob\u011b neposkytuje d\u016fvod k odd\u011blen\u00e9mu druhu. Kernowit je omezen na materi\u00e1l, ve kter\u00e9m Fe\u00b3\u207a p\u0159evy\u0161uje Al\u00b3\u207a na odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm struktur\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b. Tato definice druhu n\u00e1sleduje pravidlo dominantn\u00edho slo\u017eky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v modern\u00ed nomenklatu\u0159e miner\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

Vznik a geologick\u00e9 v\u00fdskyt kernowitu<\/h2>\n

Kernowit vznik\u00e1 jako sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed miner\u00e1l ve dutin\u00e1ch v quartzov\u00e9m gossanu. Gossan je oxidovan\u00fd, zv\u011btral\u00fd materi\u00e1l vyvinut\u00fd nad nebo kolem s\u00edrkoobsahuj\u00edc\u00edch \u017eil. Ve typov\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu obsahuj\u00ed dutiny \u0161patn\u011b rozli\u0161en\u00e9 mikrokrystalick\u00e9 \u0161ed\u00e9 s\u00edrky a \u0161patn\u011b krystalizovan\u00e9 f\u00e1ze obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed arzen, v\u010detn\u011b pharmacosideritu a miner\u00e1l\u016f skupiny olivenitu. Tato asociace odpov\u00edd\u00e1 mineralogick\u00e9mu vzniku b\u011bhem oxidace a alterace prim\u00e1rn\u00edho m\u011b\u010f-arsenidov\u00e9ho sulfidov\u00e9ho souboru.<\/p>\n

Vznik kernowitu vy\u017eaduje dostupnost m\u011bdi, \u017eeleza ve t\u0159\u00edvalentn\u00ed form\u011b, arzenu, kysl\u00edku, hydroxidov\u00fdch tekutin a vody. B\u011bhem zv\u011btr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed oxidace prim\u00e1rn\u00edch sulfid\u016f m\u016f\u017ee uvolnit Cu\u00b2\u207a a Fe\u00b3\u207a do kysel\u00fdch nebo lok\u00e1ln\u011b neutralizovan\u00fdch roztok\u016f. Arsen m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uvoln\u011bn ze sulfid\u016f nebo arsenid\u016f obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch arzen a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en jako arzenitanov\u00e9 specie za oxida\u010dn\u00edch podm\u00ednek. Kde se tyto slo\u017eky vz\u00e1jemn\u011b projev\u00ed v otev\u0159en\u00fdch prostorech, jako jsou trhliny a dutiny v gossanu, mohou se precipitovat hydratovan\u00e9 m\u011b\u010f-\u017eelezo-arsen\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n

Stav hydratace miner\u00e1lu ukazuje na vznik v bl\u00edzkosti povrchu nebo v n\u00edzkoteplotn\u00edm vodn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nikoli za vysokoteplotn\u00edch magmatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Jeho v\u00fdskyt spolu s farmakosideritem a miner\u00e1ly skupiny olivenitu odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed zm\u011bny pH, redoxn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, koncentrace rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch kov\u016f a aktivity vody. Takov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky se mohou m\u011bnit i v mal\u00e9m prostoru ve stejn\u00e9m oxidovan\u00e9m rudy, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje vznik n\u011bkolika miner\u00e1l\u016f m\u011bdi a \u017eeleza arzenitanu spole\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Kristalick\u00e1 struktura kernowitu<\/h2>\n

Kernowitz krystalizuje v monoklinn\u00ed krystalick\u00e9 soustav\u011b. Jej\u00ed strukturu ur\u010dili jednokrystalovou rentgenovou difrakc\u00ed ve prostorov\u00e9 grup\u011b I2\/a<\/strong>, nestandardn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed konven\u010dn\u00edho prostorov\u00e9ho skupiny C2\/c<\/strong>Struktura je \u00fazce spojen\u00e1 s lirokonitem, co\u017e je v souladu se substituc\u00ed Fe\u00b3\u207a za Al\u00b3\u207a, nikoli s plnou rekonstrukc\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u00e1mce.<\/p>\n

\"kernowite\"
kernowite<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Struktura se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z propojen\u00fdch arsenitanov\u00fdch tetrahedr, hydroxylov\u00fdch kovov\u00fdch koordina\u010dn\u00edch polyedr a molekul vody. M\u011b\u010f zab\u00edr\u00e1 m\u00edsta ovlivn\u011bn\u00e1 Jahn-Tellerovou deformac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je charakteristick\u00e1 pro slou\u010deniny Cu\u00b2\u207a, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed prodlou\u017een\u00e9 sou\u0159adn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u011b\u010f\u2013kysl\u00edk. Fe\u00b3+ zab\u00edr\u00e1 oktaedricky koordinovan\u00e9 m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 je prim\u00e1rn\u011b obsazeno hlinit\u00fdm iontem v lirokonitu. Nahrazen\u00ed Al\u00b3+ v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm Fe\u00b3+ kationtem zp\u016fsobuje m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edly, zat\u00edmco zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 stejn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typ struktury.<\/p>\n

Molekuly vody jsou struktur\u00e1ln\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v kernowitu. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed vzorec obsahuje \u010dty\u0159i molekuly vody na vzorcovou jednotku nav\u00edc k \u010dty\u0159em hydroxylov\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m. Vod\u00edkov\u00e9 vazby mezi molekulami vody, hydroxylov\u00fdmi skupinami a kysl\u00edkov\u00fdmi atomy arzen\u00e1tov\u00fdch tetraedr\u016f p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke stabilizaci hydratovan\u00e9 struktury. Ztr\u00e1ta nebo zm\u011bna struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed vody m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit miner\u00e1l b\u011bhem zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, dehydratace nebo dlouhodob\u00e9 alterace.<\/p>\n

Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed a chemick\u00e9 vlastnosti kernowitu<\/h2>\n

Kernowit se obvykle popisuje jako zelen\u00fd a\u017e emeraldov\u011b zelen\u00fd. Jeho barva je spojena s p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed Cu\u00b2\u207a a Fe\u00b3\u207a, i kdy\u017e p\u0159esn\u00e1 odst\u00edn z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tlou\u0161\u0165ce zrnka, orientaci krystalu, inkluz\u00edch, stavu povrchu a relativn\u00edch pom\u011brech \u017eeleza a hlin\u00edku. M\u016f\u017ee se vyskytovat jako mal\u00e9 krystaly nebo agreg\u00e1ty krystal\u016f le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v dutin\u00e1ch ve sm\u011bsi kvartzu a gossanu. Proto\u017ee potvrzen\u00fd materi\u00e1l poch\u00e1z\u00ed z star\u00fdch vzork\u016f a je t\u011bsn\u011b spojen s jin\u00fdmi sekund\u00e1rn\u00edmi f\u00e1zemi, mnoh\u00e9 konven\u010dn\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jsou omezen\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed vzorec, Cu\u2082Fe(AsO\u2084)(OH)\u2084\u00b74H\u2082O<\/strong>obsahuje m\u011b\u010f, \u017eelezo ve valenci t\u0159et\u00ed, arzeni\u010dnan, hydroxylov\u00e9 skupiny a molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed vodu. Elektronov\u00fd mikroproba\u010dn\u00ed anal\u00fdza typov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu dopln\u011bn\u00e1 Ramanovskou spektroskopi\u00ed dala empirickou slo\u017een\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00e9 Cu\u2081.\u2088\u2088(Fe\u2080.\u2087\u2089Al\u2080.\u2080\u2089)\u03a3\u2080.\u2088\u2088(As\u2081.\u2081\u2082O\u2084)(OH)\u2084\u00b73.65H\u2082O<\/strong>Tato anal\u00fdza ukazuje, \u017ee typov\u00fd materi\u00e1l nen\u00ed chemicky ide\u00e1ln\u00ed: obsahuje mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed hlinit\u00e9ho a mal\u00e9 odchylky v obsahu m\u011bdi, \u017eeleza, arzenu a vody. Takov\u00e9 odchylky jsou typick\u00e9 pro sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed hydronat\u00e9 miner\u00e1ly a nezm\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed druhu, pokud z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Fe\u00b3\u207a dominantn\u00ed nad Al\u00b3\u207a.<\/p>\n

Kernowit by m\u011bl b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za hydratovan\u00fd miner\u00e1l, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt citliv\u00fd na alteraci. Povrchov\u00e1 dehydratace, po\u010das\u00ed, mikrotrhliny a sm\u011bsi s sousedn\u00edmi arsen\u00e1ty mohou komplikovat analytick\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. Jeho optick\u00fd vzhled a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e1 chemie jsou u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 indik\u00e1tory, ale definitivn\u00ed identifikace vy\u017eaduje kvantitativn\u00ed anal\u00fdzu a struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed potvrzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Typy a variety kernowit\u016f<\/h2>\n

Kernowity nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 variety. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed term\u00edny popisuj\u00ed slo\u017ekov\u00e9 nebo geologick\u00e9 vztahy, nikoli samostatn\u00e9 variety:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u017delezo-dominantn\u00ed Kernowit:<\/strong> Materi\u00e1l ve s\u00e9rie liroconit\u2013kernowit, ve kter\u00e9m je Fe\u00b3\u207a dominantn\u00ed nad Al\u00b3\u207a na relevantn\u00edm struktur\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b.<\/li>\n
  • Hlin\u00edkov\u00fd kernowit:<\/strong> Kernowit m\u016f\u017ee obsahovat mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed Al\u00b3\u207a, jak ukazuje anal\u00fdza typov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 kernowitem, dokud nen\u00ed dominantn\u00ed Fe\u00b3\u207a.<\/li>\n
  • Mezi\u010dlenn\u00fd materi\u00e1l Liroconit-Kernowit:<\/strong> Uk\u00e1zy s prom\u011bnliv\u00fdm obsahem Fe\u00b3\u207a a Al\u00b3\u207a se vyskytuj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci solidn\u00edho roztoku. Jejich n\u00e1zev miner\u00e1lu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na dominantn\u00edm kationtu, nikoli na barv\u011b.<\/li>\n
  • Zelen\u00e1 lirokonit:<\/strong> Zelen\u00e1 barva sama o sob\u011b neprokazuje kernowit. Mnoho zelen\u00fdch vzork\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 dominantn\u00edch Al\u00b3\u207a a m\u011bly by b\u00fdt identifikov\u00e1ny jako lirokonit po chemick\u00e9 anal\u00fdze.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed Kernowite?<\/h2>\n
    \"kernowite\"
    kernowite<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Potvrzen\u00e9 typov\u00e9 m\u00edsto je Wheal Gorland, pobl\u00ed\u017e St Day v Cornwallu, Anglie. Wheal Gorland byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed historicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdm doln\u00edm oblasti kolem St Day a byl hlavn\u011b t\u011b\u017een pro m\u011bdi. Typov\u00fd vzorek je spojen s star\u00fdmi horn\u00edmi materi\u00e1ly, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdmi kolem roku 1800 a pozd\u011bji ulo\u017een\u00fd v muzejn\u00edch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

    Miner\u00e1l je hl\u00e1\u0161en z dutin v kvartzo-gossanu, nikoli z \u010derstv\u00e9ho nezm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9ho s\u00edrkov\u00e9ho rudy. Jeho okam\u017eit\u00e1 asociace zahrnuje \u0161patn\u011b krystalizovan\u00e9 arsenov\u00e9 f\u00e1ze, pharmacosiderit, miner\u00e1ly skupiny olivenitu a nerozli\u0161en\u00fd \u0161ed\u00fd s\u00edrkov\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Tento prost\u0159ed\u00ed je charakteristick\u00e9 pro oxidovanou m\u011b\u010f-arsenovou miner\u00e1ln\u00ed asociaci.<\/p>\n

    Kernowit by se nyn\u00ed nem\u011bl pova\u017eovat za \u0161iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd miner\u00e1l s mnoha potvrzen\u00fdmi lokality. Jeho form\u00e1ln\u00ed definice je nov\u00e1 a mnoho historick\u00fdch zelen\u00fdch vzork\u016f z Cornwallu nebo jin\u00fdch oxidovan\u00fdch m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch lo\u017eisek pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nebylo vy\u0161et\u0159eno pomoc\u00ed modern\u00edch kvantitativn\u00edch a krystalografick\u00fdch metod. Materi\u00e1l popsan\u00fd historicky jako \u017eelezorichl\u00e9 lirokonity vy\u017eaduje znovu anal\u00fdzu p\u0159ed t\u00edm, ne\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159isouzen Kernowitu.<\/p>\n

    Jak identifikovat Kernowite<\/h2>\n

    Vizualn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed indikaci, proto\u017ee kernowit je \u010dasto zelen\u00fd a vyskytuje se ve oxidovan\u00e9m m\u011bdi-arsenov\u00e9m asocia\u010dn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed identifikace nen\u00ed spolehliv\u00e1. M\u011b\u010fov\u00e9 arsen\u00e1ty, m\u011b\u010fov\u00e9 fosf\u00e1ty, hydratovan\u00e9 \u017eelezn\u00e9 arsen\u00e1ty a zelen\u00fd lirokonit mohou vznikat ve stejn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed a mohou se podobat jednoho druh\u00e9ho v rukou nebo pod mikroskopem.<\/p>\n

    Anal\u00fdza elektronov\u00fdm mikroprostem je prim\u00e1rn\u00ed metodou pro ur\u010den\u00ed, zda dominuje Fe\u00b3\u207a nebo Al\u00b3\u207a v relevantn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b. Anal\u00fdza by m\u011bla m\u011b\u0159it m\u011b\u010f, \u017eelezo, hlin\u00edk, arsen a dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 nahrazuj\u00edc\u00ed prvky, zat\u00edmco obsah vody a hydroxid\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt odvozen ze stoichiometrie a dopln\u011bn tam, kde je to mo\u017en\u00e9 spektroskopick\u00fdmi metodami. Ramanova spektroskopie je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 pro potvrzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti arsen\u00e1tov\u00fdch skupin, hydroxylov\u00fdch skupin a struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed vody, zejm\u00e9na pokud jsou krystaly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9 pro konven\u010dn\u00ed metody celkov\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Jedno-kry\u0161talick\u00e1 rentgenov\u00e1 difrakce poskytuje nejp\u0159\u00edm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed potvrzen\u00ed struktury, kdy\u017e lze izolovat vhodn\u00fd krystal. Prachov\u00e1 rentgenov\u00e1 difrakce, elektronov\u00e1 difrakce a elektronov\u00e1 zp\u011btn\u00e1 difrakce mohou tak\u00e9 pomoci p\u0159i identifikaci, i kdy\u017e je interpretace obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1, kdy\u017e jsou zrnka mal\u00e1, \u0161patn\u011b krystalizovan\u00e1, zvlh\u010den\u00e1 nebo intergrov\u00e1na s jin\u00fdmi sekund\u00e1rn\u00edmi f\u00e1zemi. D\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e1 identifikace Kernowitu by proto m\u011bla kombinovat v\u00fdskyt, chemickou slo\u017eku, Ramanovsk\u00e1 data a krystalografick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy.<\/p>\n

    Hlavn\u00ed miner\u00e1l vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed rozli\u0161en\u00ed je lirokonit, Cu\u2082Al(AsO\u2084)(OH)\u2084\u00b74H\u2082O<\/strong>. Kernowit a liroconit maj\u00ed stejn\u00fd celkov\u00fd struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed typ, podobnou hydrataci a bl\u00edzk\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 vzorce. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm krit\u00e9riem je p\u0159evaha Fe\u00b3\u207a u kernowitu oproti p\u0159evaze Al\u00b3\u207a u liroconitu. Jin\u00e9 spojen\u00e9 arsenity, v\u010detn\u011b pharmacosideritu a miner\u00e1l\u016f skupiny olivenitu, se li\u0161\u00ed v krystalick\u00e9 struktu\u0159e, pom\u011bru kationt\u016f, hydrataci a optick\u00fdch vlastnostech.<\/p>\n

    Pou\u017eit\u00ed a aplikace kernowitu<\/h2>\n

    Kernowit nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zaveden\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9, drahokamov\u00e9, dekorativn\u00ed nebo rudyzpracovatelsk\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed. Vyskytuje se v omezen\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed jako sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed miner\u00e1l a nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017een samostatn\u011b. Jeho vysok\u00fd obsah arzenu tak\u00e9 \u010din\u00ed jeho b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00fdm bez vhodn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed pro mineralogick\u00e9 vzorky.<\/p>\n

    Jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mineralogick\u00e9 a analytick\u00e9. Kernowit poskytuje definovan\u00fd end-member \u017eelezit\u00e9ho \u017eeleza pro \u0159adu liroconit\u2013kernowit a umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed klasifikaci historick\u00fdch cornsk\u00fdch m\u011bdi-arsen\u00e1tov\u00fdch vzork\u016f. Tato minera\u0142 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 pou\u017eita ve studi\u00edch sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho arsen\u00e1tov\u00e9ho tvaru v oxidovan\u00fdch m\u011bdi\u010dn\u00fdch lo\u017eisc\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na tam, kde substituce \u017eeleza\u2013hlin\u00edku ovliv\u0148uje stabilitu a barvu miner\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Kernowite is a hydrated copper\u2013iron arsenate mineral with the ideal chemical formula Cu\u2082Fe(AsO\u2084)(OH)\u2084\u00b74H\u2082O. It is an arsenate mineral and the ferric iron-dominant analogue of liroconite, Cu\u2082Al(AsO\u2084)(OH)\u2084\u00b74H\u2082O. In the liroconite\u2013kernowite series, Fe\u00b3\u207a substitutes for Al\u00b3\u207a at a structural site without fundamentally changing the overall framework. Kernowite is defined where ferric iron is the dominant occupant of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5078,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"Kernowite Mineral: Formula, Structure, History & Identification","_seopress_titles_desc":"Discover Kernowite, a hydrated copper-iron arsenate mineral. Explore its formula, crystal structure, Cornwall discovery history, and how to identify it.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5151","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5151"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5151\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5152,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5151\/revisions\/5152"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5078"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crystals.rocks\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}