{"version":12677,"generated":"2026-08-21T09:25:10+00:00","language":"id_id","items":[{"id":4907,"title":"Bismutotantalite","url":"https://crystals.rocks/id/minerals/bismutotantalite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/bismutotantalite.jpg","excerpt":"Bismutotantalit adalah mineral oksida tantalum-bismut yang langka dan berat, termasuk dalam kelompok kolumbit-tantalit, mengkristal dalam sistem kristal ortorombik. Ditandai dengan gravitasi spesifik yang sangat tinggi (hingga 8.98–9.0 g/cm³), kilau sub-adamantin hingga resin, dan indeks bias yang tinggi, mineral ini terdapat sebagai mineral aksesori tahap akhir dalam pegmatit granit yang sangat terfraksinasi dan diperkaya litium-sesium-tantalum (LCT).","formula":"BiTaO₄","search":"Bismutotantalite Bismuthian tantalite, Bismuth tantalite Bismutian tantalit, Bismut tantalit BiTaO₄ Btt Bismutotantalite is a rare heavy tantalum-bismuth oxide mineral belonging to the columbite-tantalite group, crystallizing in the orthorhombic crystal system. Characterized by an exceptionally high specific gravity (up to 8.98–9.0 g/cm³), sub-adamantine to resinous luster, and high refractive indices, it occurs as a late-stage accessory mineral in highly fractionated, lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT) enriched granitic pegmatites. Bismutotantalit adalah mineral oksida tantalum-bismut yang langka dan berat, termasuk dalam kelompok kolumbit-tantalit, mengkristal dalam sistem kristal ortorombik. Ditandai dengan gravitasi spesifik yang sangat tinggi (hingga 8.98–9.0 g/cm³), kilau sub-adamantin hingga resin, dan indeks bias yang tinggi, mineral ini terdapat sebagai mineral aksesori tahap akhir dalam pegmatit granit yang sangat terfraksinasi dan diperkaya litium-sesium-tantalum (LCT). Bismuth (Bi), Tantalum (Ta), Oxygen (O) Bismut (Bi), Tantalum (Ta), Oksigen (O) mineral_species mineral_spesies 04.DG.10 (Class: Oxides; Division: Metal:Oxygen = 1:2 and similar; Group: With large to medium-sized cations; with Ta, Nb, etc. - Stibiotantalite Group) 04.DG.10 (Kelas: Oksida; Divisi: Logam:Oksigen = 1:2 dan sejenisnya; Grup: Dengan kation berukuran besar hingga sedang; dengan Ta, Nb, dll. - Grup Stibiotantalite) 08.01.03.01 (Multiple Oxides with Nb, Ta, and Ti: A(XO₄) Type - Stibiotantalite Series) 08.01.03.01 (Oksida Ganda dengan Nb, Ta, dan Ti: Tipe A(XO₄) - Seri Stibiotantalite) Orthorhombic Ortorombik false, true 5.0 5.5 Stibiotantalite Group (Oxides) Grup Stibiotantalite (Oksida) australia, brazil, madagascar, mozambique, namibia, rwanda, uganda, united_states Poor Miskin Brown Cokelat Black Hitam Australia Brazil Madagascar","color":["brown","black"],"wearability":"poor","countries":["australia","brazil","madagascar","mozambique","namibia","rwanda","uganda","united_states"],"hardness_min":5,"hardness_max":5.5},{"id":4910,"title":"Cattierite","url":"https://crystals.rocks/id/minerals/cattierite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/cattierite.jpg","excerpt":"Cattierite adalah mineral sulfida kobalt yang langka dengan rumus kimia CoS₂, termasuk dalam kelompok pirit. Pertama kali ditemukan di endapan tembaga-kobalt stratiform yang kaya di Sabuk Tembaga Katanga di Republik Demokratik Kongo, mineral ini biasanya terjadi sebagai kristal mikroskopis logam berwarna abu-abu kemerahan hingga abu-abu gelap, kubus, dan agregat granular yang terkait dengan sulfida logam dasar lainnya.","formula":"CoS₂","search":"Cattierite Cobalt Disulfide, Cattierit, Каттьерит CoS₂ Ctr Cattierite is a rare cobalt sulfide mineral with the chemical formula CoS₂, belonging to the pyrite group. First discovered in the rich stratiform copper-cobalt deposits of the Katanga Copperbelt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, it typically occurs as metallic pinkish-gray to dark gray microscopic crystals, cubes, and granular aggregates associated with other base-metal sulfides. Cattierite adalah mineral sulfida kobalt yang langka dengan rumus kimia CoS₂, termasuk dalam kelompok pirit. Pertama kali ditemukan di endapan tembaga-kobalt stratiform yang kaya di Sabuk Tembaga Katanga di Republik Demokratik Kongo, mineral ini biasanya terjadi sebagai kristal mikroskopis logam berwarna abu-abu kemerahan hingga abu-abu gelap, kubus, dan agregat granular yang terkait dengan sulfida logam dasar lainnya. Co, S mineral_species mineral_spesies 02.EB.05a 02.12.01.04 Isometric Isometrik false, true 4.0 4.5 Pyrite Group Grup Pirit australia, austria, canada, democratic_republic_of_the_congo, finland, germany, morocco, russia, united_states, zambia Poor Miskin Pink Merah muda Gray Abu-abu Black Hitam Australia Austria Canada Democratic Republic Of The Congo Republik Demokratik Kongo","color":["pink","gray","black"],"wearability":"poor","countries":["australia","austria","canada","democratic_republic_of_the_congo","finland","germany","morocco","russia","united_states","zambia"],"hardness_min":4,"hardness_max":4.5},{"id":4908,"title":"Delhayelite","url":"https://crystals.rocks/id/minerals/delhayelite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/delhayelite.jpg","excerpt":"Delhayelite adalah mineral filosilikat kalium-kalsium-natrium hidrous yang langka, secara struktural kompleks, mengandung halogen volatil esensial dan anion sulfat (Cl, F, dan SO₄²⁻). Awalnya ditemukan di lava nefelenit peralkalin yang tidak jenuh silika dari Gunung Shaheru di Republik Demokratik Kongo, mineral ini mengkristal dalam sistem kristal ortorombik dan berfungsi sebagai mineral indikator penting untuk volatil tahap akhir...","formula":"K₇Na₃Ca₅[Al₆Si₁₄O₃₈]F₄Cl₂(SO₄) · 2H₂O","search":"Delhayelite IMA 1961-008; Potassium calcium sodium aluminosilicate chloride fluoride sulfate IMA 1961-008; Kalium kalsium natrium aluminosilikat klorida fluorida sulfat K₇Na₃Ca₅[Al₆Si₁₄O₃₈]F₄Cl₂(SO₄) · 2H₂O Dlh Delhayelite is a rare, structurally complex hydrous potassium-calcium-sodium phyllosilicate mineral containing essential volatile halogens and sulfate anions (Cl, F, and SO₄²⁻). Initially discovered in the silica-undersaturated peralkaline nephelinite lavas of Mount Shaheru in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, it crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system and serves as an important indicator mineral for late-stage volatile... Delhayelite adalah mineral filosilikat kalium-kalsium-natrium hidrous yang langka, secara struktural kompleks, mengandung halogen volatil esensial dan anion sulfat (Cl, F, dan SO₄²⁻). Awalnya ditemukan di lava nefelenit peralkalin yang tidak jenuh silika dari Gunung Shaheru di Republik Demokratik Kongo, mineral ini mengkristal dalam sistem kristal ortorombik dan berfungsi sebagai mineral indikator penting untuk volatil tahap akhir... Delhayelite is a rare, structurally complex hydrous potassium-calcium-sodium phyllosilicate mineral containing essential volatile halogens and sulfate anions (Cl, F, and SO₄²⁻). Initially discovered in the silica-undersaturated peralkaline nephelinite lavas of Mount Shaheru in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, it crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system and serves as an important indicator mineral for late-stage volatile and alkali enrichment in hyper-agpaitic igneous environments. Delhayelite adalah mineral filosilikat hidrous kalium-kalsium-natrium yang langka dan strukturnya kompleks, mengandung halogen dan anion sulfat volatil esensial (Cl, F, dan SO₄²⁻). Awalnya ditemukan di lava nefelinita peralkalin yang tidak jenuh silika di Gunung Shaheru, Republik Demokratik Kongo, mineral ini mengkristal dalam sistem kristal ortorombik dan berfungsi sebagai mineral indikator penting untuk pengayaan volatil dan alkali tahap akhir di lingkungan bekuan hiper-agpaitik. Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), Aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Sulfur (S), Hydrogen (H) Kalium (K), Natrium (Na), Kalsium (Ca), Aluminium (Al), Silikon (Si), Oksigen (O), Fluor (F), Klorin (Cl), Belerang (S), Hidrogen (H) mineral_species mineral_spesies 09.EA.10 74.03.02.01 Orthorhombic Ortorombik true, false 3.5 4.0 Delhayelite Group Grup Delhayelite democratic_republic_of_the_congo, morocco, russia, tanzania Poor Miskin Colorless Tak berwarna orangy Yellow (oY) Kuning Keoranyean (oY) Yellow (Y) Kuning (Y) White","color":["colorless","orangy_yellow","yellow","white","gray","brown"],"wearability":"poor","countries":["democratic_republic_of_the_congo","morocco","russia","tanzania"],"hardness_min":3.5,"hardness_max":4},{"id":250,"title":"Forsterit","url":"https://crystals.rocks/id/minerals/forsterite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Forsterite-768x510.jpg","excerpt":"Forsterite adalah anggota ujung yang kaya magnesium dari seri larutan padat olivin (Mg₂SiO₄ - Fe₂SiO₄), mengkristal dalam sistem kristal ortorombik. Sebagai mineral ortosilikat (nesosilikat) pembentuk batuan yang penting, mineral ini merupakan fase volumetrik dominan di mantel atas Bumi (peridotit/dunit) dan tersebar luas di batuan beku ultramafik, batugamping dolomitan yang termetamorfosis kontak, dan meteorit kondrit primitif. Varietas antara berkualitas permata yang kaya akan...","formula":"Mg₂SiO₄","search":"Forsterite Forsterit Magnesium olivine, Peridot (gem variety), Chrysolite (archaic), Bolitas, White olivine Olivin magnesium, Peridot (varietas permata), Krisolit (arkais), Bolitas, Olivin putih Mg₂SiO₄ Fo Forsterite is the magnesium-rich endmember of the olivine solid-solution series (Mg₂SiO₄ - Fe₂SiO₄), crystallizing in the orthorhombic crystal system. As an essential rock-forming orthosilicate (nesosilicate) mineral, it constitutes the dominant volumetric phase of Earth's upper mantle (peridotite/dunite) and is widespread in ultramafic igneous rocks, contact-metamorphosed dolomitic limestones, and primitive chondritic meteorites. Gem-quality intermediate varieties rich in... Forsterite adalah anggota ujung yang kaya magnesium dari seri larutan padat olivin (Mg₂SiO₄ - Fe₂SiO₄), mengkristal dalam sistem kristal ortorombik. Sebagai mineral ortosilikat (nesosilikat) pembentuk batuan yang penting, mineral ini merupakan fase volumetrik dominan di mantel atas Bumi (peridotit/dunit) dan tersebar luas di batuan beku ultramafik, batugamping dolomitan yang termetamorfosis kontak, dan meteorit kondrit primitif. Varietas antara berkualitas permata yang kaya akan... Forsterite is the magnesium-rich endmember of the olivine solid-solution series (Mg₂SiO₄ - Fe₂SiO₄), crystallizing in the orthorhombic crystal system. As an essential rock-forming orthosilicate (nesosilicate) mineral, it constitutes the dominant volumetric phase of Earth's upper mantle (peridotite/dunite) and is widespread in ultramafic igneous rocks, contact-metamorphosed dolomitic limestones, and primitive chondritic meteorites. Gem-quality intermediate varieties rich in the forsterite component are celebrated worldwide as Peridot. Forsterit adalah anggota ujung kaya magnesium dari seri larutan padat olivin (Mg₂SiO₄ - Fe₂SiO₄), mengkristal dalam sistem kristal ortorombik. Sebagai mineral ortosilikat (nesosilikat) pembentuk batuan yang esensial, mineral ini merupakan fase volumetrik dominan di mantel atas Bumi (peridotit/dunit) dan tersebar luas di batuan beku ultramafik, batugamping dolomitik termetamorfosis kontak, dan meteorit kondrit primitif. Varietas antara berkualitas permata yang kaya akan komponen forsterit dikenal di seluruh dunia sebagai Peridot. Mg, Si, O mineral_species mineral_spesies 09.AC.05 51.03.01.01 Orthorhombic Ortorombik true, false 6.5 7.0 Olivine Group Kelompok Olivin australia, brazil, canada, china, egypt, finland, germany, italy, myanmar, norway, pakistan, russia, south_africa, sri_lanka, united_states Good Baik Colorless Tak berwarna Yellow (Y) Kuning (Y) greenish Yellow (gY) kuning kehijauan (gY) Yellow-Green or Green-Yellow (YG/GY)","color":["colorless","yellow","greenish_yellow","yellow_green_or_green_yellow","yellowish_green","green","white","gray"],"wearability":"good","countries":["australia","brazil","canada","china","egypt","finland","germany","italy","myanmar","norway","pakistan","russia","south_africa","sri_lanka","united_states"],"hardness_min":6.5,"hardness_max":7},{"id":251,"title":"Galena","url":"https://crystals.rocks/id/minerals/galena/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Galena-768x512.jpg","excerpt":"Galena adalah bentuk mineral alami utama dari timbal(II) sulfida (PbS), mengkristal dalam sistem kristal isometrik dengan struktur kristal garam batu tipe halit. Sebagai bijih timbal yang paling kritis dan melimpah di dunia—serta sumber perak hasil sampingan yang utama secara historis—galena dikenal karena berat jenisnya yang tinggi (~7,6), kilau logam yang cemerlang, corek abu-abu timbal, dan kubus sempurna...","formula":"PbS","search":"Galena Lead glance, Blue lead, Plumbago (archaic), Galenite, Bleiglanz Kilap timbal, Timbal biru, Plumbago (usang), Galenit, Bleiglanz PbS Gn Galena is the primary natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide (PbS), crystallizing in the isometric crystal system with a halite-type rock-salt crystal structure. As the world's most critical and abundant ore of lead—and a major historical source of byproduct silver—galena is celebrated for its high specific gravity (~7.6), splendent metallic luster, lead-gray streak, and perfect cubic... Galena adalah bentuk mineral alami utama dari timbal(II) sulfida (PbS), mengkristal dalam sistem kristal isometrik dengan struktur kristal garam batu tipe halit. Sebagai bijih timbal yang paling kritis dan melimpah di dunia—serta sumber perak hasil sampingan yang utama secara historis—galena dikenal karena berat jenisnya yang tinggi (~7,6), kilau logam yang cemerlang, corek abu-abu timbal, dan kubus sempurna... Galena is the primary natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide (PbS), crystallizing in the isometric crystal system with a halite-type rock-salt crystal structure. As the world's most critical and abundant ore of lead—and a major historical source of byproduct silver—galena is celebrated for its high specific gravity (~7.6), splendent metallic luster, lead-gray streak, and perfect cubic cleavage along three perpendicular planes. Galena adalah bentuk mineral alami utama dari timbal(II) sulfida (PbS), mengkristal dalam sistem kristal isometrik dengan struktur kristal garam batu tipe halit. Sebagai bijih timbal yang paling penting dan melimpah di dunia—dan sumber utama perak sebagai produk sampingan secara historis—galena terkenal karena berat jenisnya yang tinggi (~7.6), kilau logam yang cemerlang, goresan abu-abu timbal, dan belahan kubik sempurna di sepanjang tiga bidang yang saling tegak lurus. Pb, S mineral_species mineral_spesies 02.CD.10 02.08.01.01 Isometric (cubic) Isometrik (kubik) false, true 2.5 2.75 Galena Group Galena Grup argentina, australia, austria, bolivia, bulgaria, canada, chile, china, czechia, france, germany, ireland, italy, japan, kazakhstan, mexico, morocco, namibia, peru, poland, romania, russia, south_africa, spain, sweden, switzerland, united_kingdom, united_states Display only Hanya ditampilkan Gray Abu-abu Black Hitam Argentina Australia Austria Bolivia","color":["gray","black"],"wearability":"display_only","countries":["argentina","australia","austria","bolivia","bulgaria","canada","chile","china","czechia","france","germany","ireland","italy","japan","kazakhstan","mexico","morocco","namibia","peru","poland","romania","russia","south_africa","spain","sweden","switzerland","united_kingdom","united_states"],"hardness_min":2.5,"hardness_max":2.75},{"id":4909,"title":"Geversite","url":"https://crystals.rocks/id/minerals/geversite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/geversite.jpg","excerpt":"Geversite adalah mineral golongan platina (PGM) yang langka dengan komposisi kimia PtSb₂, mengkristal dalam tipe struktur pirit isometrik. Pertama kali dideskripsikan dari Tambang Driekop di Kompleks Batuan Beku Bushveld, Afrika Selatan, mineral ini membentuk butiran logam mikroskopis, kubus euhedral, dan intergrowth kompleks yang umumnya terdapat pada batuan ultramafik, kromitit, dan endapan sulfida magmatik.","formula":"PtSb₂","search":"Geversite Platinum Diantimonide, Geversit, Геверсит PtSb₂ Gev Geversite is a rare platinum-group mineral (PGM) with the chemical composition PtSb₂, crystallizing in the isometric pyrite structure type. First described from the Driekop Mine in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa, it forms microscopic metallic grains, euhedral cubes, and complex intergrowths typically hosted in ultramafic rocks, chromitites, and magmatic sulfide deposits. Geversite adalah mineral golongan platina (PGM) yang langka dengan komposisi kimia PtSb₂, mengkristal dalam tipe struktur pirit isometrik. Pertama kali dideskripsikan dari Tambang Driekop di Kompleks Batuan Beku Bushveld, Afrika Selatan, mineral ini membentuk butiran logam mikroskopis, kubus euhedral, dan intergrowth kompleks yang umumnya terdapat pada batuan ultramafik, kromitit, dan endapan sulfida magmatik. Pt, Sb mineral_species mineral_spesies 02.EB.05a 02.12.01.03 Isometric Isometrik false, true 4.5 5.5 Pyrite Group Grup Pirit australia, canada, china, finland, india, russia, south_africa, tanzania, united_states, zimbabwe Poor Miskin White Putih Gray Abu-abu Australia Canada China Finland Finlandia India Russia","color":["white","gray"],"wearability":"poor","countries":["australia","canada","china","finland","india","russia","south_africa","tanzania","united_states","zimbabwe"],"hardness_min":4.5,"hardness_max":5.5},{"id":257,"title":"Halit","url":"https://crystals.rocks/id/minerals/halite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Halite-768x768.png","excerpt":"Halit adalah bentuk mineral dari natrium klorida (NaCl), yang umum dikenal sebagai garam batu. Mineral ini membentuk kristal isometrik pada endapan evaporit dan penting bagi kehidupan manusia, industri, serta produksi kimia.","formula":"NaCl","search":"Halite Halit Rock salt, Table salt, Common salt Garam batu, Garam meja, Garam biasa NaCl Hlt Halite is the mineral form of sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as rock salt. It forms isometric crystals in evaporite deposits and is essential to human life, industry, and chemical production. Halit adalah bentuk mineral dari natrium klorida (NaCl), yang umum dikenal sebagai garam batu. Mineral ini membentuk kristal isometrik pada endapan evaporit dan penting bagi kehidupan manusia, industri, serta produksi kimia. Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl) Natrium (Na), Klorin (Cl) mineral_species mineral_spesies 03.AA.20 09.01.01.01 Isometric (Cubic) Isometrik (Kubik) true, false 2 2.5 Halides (Halite Group) Halida (Grup Halit) algeria, argentina, australia, austria, bolivia, canada, chile, china, egypt, ethiopia, germany, iran, israel, kazakhstan, mexico, pakistan, poland, romania, russia, spain, tunisia, ukraine, united_kingdom, united_states Poor Miskin Colorless Tak berwarna White Putih Algeria Argentina Australia Austria","color":["colorless","white"],"wearability":"poor","countries":["algeria","argentina","australia","austria","bolivia","canada","chile","china","egypt","ethiopia","germany","iran","israel","kazakhstan","mexico","pakistan","poland","romania","russia","spain","tunisia","ukraine","united_kingdom","united_states"],"hardness_min":2,"hardness_max":2.5},{"id":4906,"title":"Manandonite","url":"https://crystals.rocks/id/minerals/manandonite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/manandonite-768x596.jpg","excerpt":"Manandonit adalah spesies mineral filosilikat trioktahedral-dioktahedral yang sangat langka, mengandung litium dan boron, yang secara struktural termasuk dalam kelompok serpentin-kaolinit 1:1. Pertama kali didokumentasikan dalam pegmatit granitik yang sangat terfraksinasi di Madagaskar, mineral ini unik dalam mineralogi sebagai salah satu dari sedikit silikat berlapis yang mengakomodasi boron struktural esensial ke dalam lapisan tetrahedral bersama dengan litium oktahedral esensial dan...","formula":"Li₂Al₄(Si₂AlB)O₁₀₈","search":"Manandonite Boron-bearing serpentine, Boro-corundophilite, Manandonite-2H, Boron chlorite (archaic) Serpentin pembawa boron, Boro-korundofilit, Manandonit-2H, Klorit boron (kuno) Li₂Al₄(Si₂AlB)O₁₀₈ Mnd Manandonite is an extraordinarily rare, lithium- and boron-bearing trioctahedral-dioctahedral phyllosilicate mineral species belonging structurally to the 1:1 serpentine-kaolinite group. First documented in the highly fractionated granitic pegmatites of Madagascar, it is unique in mineralogy as one of the few sheet silicates that accommodates essential structural boron into the tetrahedral layers along with essential octahedral lithium and... Manandonit adalah spesies mineral filosilikat trioktahedral-dioktahedral yang sangat langka, mengandung litium dan boron, yang secara struktural termasuk dalam kelompok serpentin-kaolinit 1:1. Pertama kali didokumentasikan dalam pegmatit granitik yang sangat terfraksinasi di Madagaskar, mineral ini unik dalam mineralogi sebagai salah satu dari sedikit silikat berlapis yang mengakomodasi boron struktural esensial ke dalam lapisan tetrahedral bersama dengan litium oktahedral esensial dan... Manandonite is an extraordinarily rare, lithium- and boron-bearing trioctahedral-dioctahedral phyllosilicate mineral species belonging structurally to the 1:1 serpentine-kaolinite group. First documented in the highly fractionated granitic pegmatites of Madagascar, it is unique in mineralogy as one of the few sheet silicates that accommodates essential structural boron into the tetrahedral layers along with essential octahedral lithium and aluminum. Manandonite adalah spesies mineral filosilikat trioktahedral-dioktahedral yang sangat langka, mengandung litium dan boron, yang secara struktural termasuk dalam kelompok serpentin-kaolinit 1:1. Pertama kali didokumentasikan di pegmatit granitik yang sangat terfraksinasi di Madagaskar, mineral ini unik dalam mineralogi sebagai salah satu dari sedikit silikat berlapis yang mengakomodasi boron struktural esensial ke dalam lapisan tetrahedral bersama dengan litium dan aluminium oktahedral esensial. Lithium (Li), Aluminum (Al), Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Oxygen (O), Hydrogen (H) Litium (Li), Aluminium (Al), Boron (B), Silikon (Si), Oksigen (O), Hidrogen (H) mineral_species mineral_spesies 09.ED.15 (Class: Silicates; Division: Phyllosilicates; Subdivision: Phyllosilicates with kaolinite layers composed of 1:1 tetrahedral and octahedral sheets) 09.ED.15 (Kelas: Silikat; Divisi: Filosilikat; Subdivisi: Filosilikat dengan lapisan kaolinit terdiri dari lembaran tetrahedral dan oktahedral 1:1) 71.01.02c.03 (Phyllosilicates: Layered Silicates with 1:1 Layers - Trioctahedral and Interstratified) 71.01.02c.03 (Fillosilikat: Silikat Berlapis dengan Lapisan 1:1 - Trioktahedral dan Interstratifikasi) Triclinic (pseudo-hexagonal / pseudo-monoclinic geometry) Triklin (geometri pseudo-heksagonal / pseudo-monoklin) true, false 2.5 3.5 Serpentine-Kaolinite Group (Phyllosilicates) Grup Serpentin-Kaolinit (Filosilikat) czechia, madagascar, russia Poor Miskin Colorless Tak berwarna White Putih Czechia","color":["colorless","white"],"wearability":"poor","countries":["czechia","madagascar","russia"],"hardness_min":2.5,"hardness_max":3.5},{"id":4905,"title":"pseudorutil","url":"https://crystals.rocks/id/minerals/pseudorutile/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Pseudorutile-2.gif","excerpt":"Pseudorutile adalah mineral oksida titanium-besi antara yang terbentuk terutama selama pelapukan suhu rendah dan pencucian progresif ilmenit di endapan pasir mineral berat. Secara struktural dan kimia berbeda dari rutil dan ilmenit, ia memainkan peran transisi penting dalam urutan alterasi supergen dari ilmenit menjadi leukoksen dan rutil/anatase sekunder, menjadikannya fase penting dalam global...","formula":"Fe³⁺₂Ti₃O₉","search":"Pseudorutile pseudorutil Acharavalite, Leucoxene (in part), Protolencoxene, Hydroxypseudorutile (related) Acharavalite, Leucoxene (sebagian), Protolencoxene, Hydroxypseudorutile (terkait) Fe³⁺₂Ti₃O₉ Prt Pseudorutile is an intermediate titanium-iron oxide mineral formed primarily during the low-temperature weathering and progressive leaching of ilmenite in heavy mineral sand deposits. Structurally and chemically distinct from rutile and ilmenite, it plays a vital transitional role in the supergene alteration sequence from ilmenite to leucoxene and secondary rutile/anatase, making it an essential phase in global... Pseudorutile adalah mineral oksida titanium-besi antara yang terbentuk terutama selama pelapukan suhu rendah dan pencucian progresif ilmenit di endapan pasir mineral berat. Secara struktural dan kimia berbeda dari rutil dan ilmenit, ia memainkan peran transisi penting dalam urutan alterasi supergen dari ilmenit menjadi leukoksen dan rutil/anatase sekunder, menjadikannya fase penting dalam global... Pseudorutile is an intermediate titanium-iron oxide mineral formed primarily during the low-temperature weathering and progressive leaching of ilmenite in heavy mineral sand deposits. Structurally and chemically distinct from rutile and ilmenite, it plays a vital transitional role in the supergene alteration sequence from ilmenite to leucoxene and secondary rutile/anatase, making it an essential phase in global titanium placer mining and processing. Pseudorutile adalah mineral oksida titanium-besi perantara yang terbentuk terutama selama pelapukan suhu rendah dan pelindian progresif ilmenit pada endapan pasir mineral berat. Secara struktural dan kimia berbeda dari rutil dan ilmenit, ia memainkan peran transisi penting dalam urutan alterasi supergen dari ilmenit menjadi leukoksen dan rutil/anatase sekunder, menjadikannya fase penting dalam penambangan dan pengolahan plaser titanium global. Fe, Ti, O mineral_species mineral_spesies 04.CB.05 04.03.09.01 Hexagonal heksagonal false, true 3.0 4.0 Pseudorutile Group / Oxides Grup Pseudorutile / Oksida australia, brazil, india, madagascar, norway, south_africa, united_states Display only Hanya ditampilkan Brown Cokelat Black Hitam Australia Brazil India","color":["brown","black"],"wearability":"display_only","countries":["australia","brazil","india","madagascar","norway","south_africa","united_states"],"hardness_min":3,"hardness_max":4},{"id":188,"title":"Kuarsa","url":"https://crystals.rocks/id/minerals/quartz/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Quartz-768x575.jpg","excerpt":"Kuarsa adalah polimorf trigonal suhu rendah definitif dari silikon dioksida (SiO₂), stabil hingga 573 °C pada tekanan ambien. Sebagai tolok ukur yang mendefinisikan kekerasan Mohs 7 dan salah satu tektosilikat kerangka pembentuk batuan yang paling melimpah di kerak benua Bumi, kuarsa terkenal karena piezoelektriknya yang kuat, ketahanan kimianya, tidak adanya belahan, dan rangkaian ekstensif...","formula":"SiO₂","search":"Quartz Kuarsa Alpha-quartz, Low-quartz, Rock crystal (macro-crystalline colorless), Silica, Quarz Kuarsa alfa, Kuarsa rendah, Kristal batu (makrokristalin tak berwarna), Silika, Kuarsa SiO₂ Qtz Quartz is the definitive low-temperature trigonal polymorph of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), stable up to 573 °C at ambient pressures. As the defining benchmark for Mohs hardness 7 and one of the most abundant rock-forming framework tectosilicates in the Earth's continental crust, quartz is renowned for its strong piezoelectricity, chemical durability, absence of cleavage, and extensive suite... Kuarsa adalah polimorf trigonal suhu rendah definitif dari silikon dioksida (SiO₂), stabil hingga 573 °C pada tekanan ambien. Sebagai tolok ukur yang mendefinisikan kekerasan Mohs 7 dan salah satu tektosilikat kerangka pembentuk batuan yang paling melimpah di kerak benua Bumi, kuarsa terkenal karena piezoelektriknya yang kuat, ketahanan kimianya, tidak adanya belahan, dan rangkaian ekstensif... Quartz is the definitive low-temperature trigonal polymorph of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), stable up to 573 °C at ambient pressures. As the defining benchmark for Mohs hardness 7 and one of the most abundant rock-forming framework tectosilicates in the Earth's continental crust, quartz is renowned for its strong piezoelectricity, chemical durability, absence of cleavage, and extensive suite of colored macrocrystalline and microcrystalline (chalcedony) varieties. Kuarsa adalah polimorf trigonal suhu rendah yang definitif dari silikon dioksida (SiO₂), stabil hingga 573 °C pada tekanan ambien. Sebagai tolok ukur yang menentukan untuk kekerasan Mohs 7 dan salah satu tektosilikat kerangka pembentuk batuan yang paling melimpah di kerak benua Bumi, kuarsa terkenal karena piezoelektriknya yang kuat, ketahanan kimianya, tidak adanya belahan, dan rangkaian luas varietas makrokristalin dan mikrokristalin (kalsedon) berwarna. Silicon (Si), Oxygen (O) Silikon (Si), Oksigen (O) mineral_species mineral_spesies 04.DA.05 75.01.03.01 Trigonal (low/alpha quartz); hexagonal symmetry for high/beta quartz above 573 °C Trigonal (kuarsa rendah/alfa); simetri heksagonal untuk kuarsa tinggi/beta di atas 573 °C true, false 7 Quartz Group (Silicates / Oxides) Kelompok Kuarsa (Silikat / Oksida) australia, austria, brazil, canada, china, france, germany, india, italy, japan, madagascar, mexico, namibia, norway, pakistan, peru, russia, south_africa, spain, switzerland, united_kingdom, united_states Excellent Luar biasa Colorless Tak berwarna Purple (P) Ungu (P) Pink Merah muda Yellow (Y)","color":["colorless","purple","pink","yellow","green","white","gray","brown","black"],"wearability":"excellent","countries":["australia","austria","brazil","canada","china","france","germany","india","italy","japan","madagascar","mexico","namibia","norway","pakistan","peru","russia","south_africa","spain","switzerland","united_kingdom","united_states"],"hardness_min":7,"hardness_max":7},{"id":23,"title":"Ruby","url":"https://crystals.rocks/id/minerals/ruby/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/imgi_212_Cut_Ruby_Image-768x395.jpg","excerpt":"Rubi adalah varietas merah yang prestisius dengan kualitas permata dari spesies mineral korundum (aluminium oksida, Al₂O₃), yang diwarnai terutama oleh sejumlah kecil kromium (Cr³⁺ menggantikan Al³⁺ dalam koordinasi oktahedral). Terkenal sebagai salah satu batu permata kardinal tradisional, ia memiliki kekerasan Mohs yang luar biasa (9), indeks bias tinggi, pleokroisme yang jelas, dan fluoresensi merah cemerlang akibat kromium di bawah sinar UV gelombang panjang...","formula":"Al₂O₃:Cr","search":"Ruby Red Corundum, Pigeon's Blood Ruby, Star Ruby, Oriental Ruby (archaic), Carbuncle (historical) Al₂O₃:Cr Crn Ruby is the prestigious red, gem-quality variety of the mineral species corundum (aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃), colored predominantly by trace amounts of chromium (Cr³⁺ substituting for Al³⁺ in octahedral coordination). Renowned as one of the traditional cardinal gemstones, it exhibits exceptional Mohs hardness (9), high refractive indices, pronounced pleochroism, and vivid chromium-induced red fluorescence under longwave UV... Rubi adalah varietas merah yang prestisius dengan kualitas permata dari spesies mineral korundum (aluminium oksida, Al₂O₃), yang diwarnai terutama oleh sejumlah kecil kromium (Cr³⁺ menggantikan Al³⁺ dalam koordinasi oktahedral). Terkenal sebagai salah satu batu permata kardinal tradisional, ia memiliki kekerasan Mohs yang luar biasa (9), indeks bias tinggi, pleokroisme yang jelas, dan fluoresensi merah cemerlang akibat kromium di bawah sinar UV gelombang panjang... mineral_variety variasi_mineral 04.CB.05 04.03.01.01 Al, O; typically trace Cr, Fe, Ti, V Al, O; biasanya trace Cr, Fe, Ti, V Trigonal (rhombohedral) Trigonal (rombohedral) false, true 9 afghanistan, australia, cambodia, china, india, kenya, madagascar, mozambique, myanmar, nepal, north_macedonia, pakistan, russia, sri_lanka, tajikistan, tanzania, thailand, united_states, vietnam Ruby is the prestigious red, gem-quality variety of the mineral species corundum (aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃), colored predominantly by trace amounts of chromium (Cr³⁺ substituting for Al³⁺ in octahedral coordination). Renowned as one of the traditional cardinal gemstones, it exhibits exceptional Mohs hardness (9), high refractive indices, pronounced pleochroism, and vivid chromium-induced red fluorescence under longwave UV radiation. Ruby adalah varietas merah yang prestisius dan berkualitas batu permata dari spesies mineral korundum (aluminium oksida, Al₂O₃), yang diwarnai terutama oleh jumlah kecil kromium (Cr³⁺ yang menggantikan Al³⁺ dalam koordinasi oktahedral). Terkenal sebagai salah satu batu permata kardinal tradisional, batu ini menunjukkan kekerasan Mohs yang luar biasa (9), indeks bias yang tinggi, pleokroisme yang nyata, dan fluoresensi merah yang cemerlang akibat kromium di bawah radiasi UV gelombang panjang. Corundum Group (Oxides) Grup Korundum (Oksida) Excellent Luar biasa reddish Purple (rP) Ungu kemerahan (rP) Red-Purple or Purple-Red (RP/PR) Merah-Ungu atau Ungu-Merah (RP/PR) Pink Merah muda Red (R) Merah (R) orangy Red (oR)","color":["reddish_purple","red_purple_or_purple_red","pink","red","orangy_red"],"wearability":"excellent","countries":["afghanistan","australia","cambodia","china","india","kenya","madagascar","mozambique","myanmar","nepal","north_macedonia","pakistan","russia","sri_lanka","tajikistan","tanzania","thailand","united_states","vietnam"],"hardness_min":9,"hardness_max":9}],"facet_translations":{"color":{"brown":"Cokelat","black":"Hitam","pink":"Merah muda","gray":"Abu-abu","colorless":"Tak berwarna","orangy_yellow":"Kuning Keoranyean (oY)","yellow":"Kuning (Y)","white":"Putih","greenish_yellow":"kuning kehijauan (gY)","yellow_green_or_green_yellow":"Kuning-Hijau atau Hijau-Kuning (YG/GY)","yellowish_green":"Hijau kekuningan (yG)","green":"Hijau (G)","purple":"Ungu (P)","reddish_purple":"Ungu kemerahan (rP)","red_purple_or_purple_red":"Merah-Ungu atau Ungu-Merah (RP/PR)","red":"Merah (R)","orangy_red":"Merah Kejinggaan (oR)"},"wearability":{"poor":"Miskin","good":"Baik","display_only":"Hanya ditampilkan","excellent":"Luar biasa"},"countries":{"australia":"Australia","brazil":"Brazil","madagascar":"Madagascar","mozambique":"Mozambique","namibia":"Namibia","rwanda":"Rwanda","uganda":"Uganda","united_states":"Amerika Serikat","austria":"Austria","canada":"Canada","democratic_republic_of_the_congo":"Republik Demokratik Kongo","finland":"Finlandia","germany":"Jerman","morocco":"Maroko","russia":"Russia","zambia":"Zambia","tanzania":"Tanzania","china":"China","egypt":"Mesir","italy":"Italia","myanmar":"Myanmar","norway":"Norwegia","pakistan":"Pakistan","south_africa":"Afrika Selatan","sri_lanka":"Sri Lanka","argentina":"Argentina","bolivia":"Bolivia","bulgaria":"Bulgaria","chile":"Chile","czechia":"Ceko","france":"Prancis","ireland":"Irlandia","japan":"Jepang","kazakhstan":"Kazakhstan","mexico":"Meksiko","peru":"Peru","poland":"Polandia","romania":"Rumania","spain":"Spanyol","sweden":"Swedia","switzerland":"Swiss","united_kingdom":"Britania Raya","india":"India","zimbabwe":"Zimbabwe","algeria":"Algeria","ethiopia":"Etiopia","iran":"Iran","israel":"Israel","tunisia":"Tunisia","ukraine":"Ukraina","afghanistan":"Afghanistan","cambodia":"Kamboja","kenya":"Kenya","nepal":"Nepal","north_macedonia":"Makedonia Utara","tajikistan":"Tajikistan","thailand":"Thailand","vietnam":"Vietnam"}},"ui":{"color":"Color","wearability":"Wearability","country":"Country","formula":"Rumus kimia","no_options":"No options assigned yet.","search_prefix":"Search","hardness_prefix":"Hardness","to":"to","any":"any","loading":"Loading mineral collection...","load_error":"The mineral collection could not be loaded.","retry":"Try again","home_search_hint":"Press Search to query the complete mineral database.","home_match_one":"%s mineral cocok","home_match_many":"%s mineral cocok","unavailable":"Unavailable","mineral":"mineral","minerals":"minerals","a_to_z":"A to Z","z_to_a":"Z to A","mineral_record":"Catatan mineral","mohs":"Mohs","not_listed":"Tidak dicantumkan","open_record":"Buka catatan ini untuk melihat profil mineralogi lengkap.","shown":"%s ditampilkan","no_matching":"Tidak ditemukan mineral yang cocok.","no_records":"No mineral records are available yet.","retrying_records":"Retrying mineral records...","records_error":"Mineral records could not be loaded.","index_unavailable":"The mineral index is unavailable. 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