{"version":12677,"generated":"2026-08-21T09:25:11+00:00","language":"sw","items":[{"id":4907,"title":"Bismutotantalite","url":"https://crystals.rocks/sw/minerals/bismutotantalite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/bismutotantalite.jpg","excerpt":"Bismutotantalite ni madini adimu ya oksidi ya tantalum-bismuth nzito ya kundi la columbite-tantalite, inayokrista katika mfumo wa fuwele wa orthorhombic. Inajulikana kwa mvuto maalum wa juu wa kipekee (hadi 8.98–9.0 g/cm³), mng'ao wa chini-adamantine hadi wa resinous, na fahirisi za juu za kuakisi, hutokea kama madini ya ziada ya hatua ya mwisho katika pegmatiti za granitic zilizogawanyika sana, zilizoboreshwa na lithiamu-cesium-tantalum (LCT).","formula":"BiTaO₄","search":"Bismutotantalite Bismuthian tantalite, Bismuth tantalite BiTaO₄ Btt Bismutotantalite is a rare heavy tantalum-bismuth oxide mineral belonging to the columbite-tantalite group, crystallizing in the orthorhombic crystal system. Characterized by an exceptionally high specific gravity (up to 8.98–9.0 g/cm³), sub-adamantine to resinous luster, and high refractive indices, it occurs as a late-stage accessory mineral in highly fractionated, lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT) enriched granitic pegmatites. Bismutotantalite ni madini adimu ya oksidi ya tantalum-bismuth nzito ya kundi la columbite-tantalite, inayokrista katika mfumo wa fuwele wa orthorhombic. Inajulikana kwa mvuto maalum wa juu wa kipekee (hadi 8.98–9.0 g/cm³), mng'ao wa chini-adamantine hadi wa resinous, na fahirisi za juu za kuakisi, hutokea kama madini ya ziada ya hatua ya mwisho katika pegmatiti za granitic zilizogawanyika sana, zilizoboreshwa na lithiamu-cesium-tantalum (LCT). Bismuth (Bi), Tantalum (Ta), Oxygen (O) Bismuthi (Bi), Tantali (Ta), Oksijeni (O) mineral_species spishi_za_madini 04.DG.10 (Class: Oxides; Division: Metal:Oxygen = 1:2 and similar; Group: With large to medium-sized cations; with Ta, Nb, etc. - Stibiotantalite Group) 04.DG.10 (Daraja: Oksidi; Mgawanyiko: Metali:Oksijeni = 1:2 na sawa; Kikundi: Chenye cationi kubwa hadi za ukubwa wa kati; chenye Ta, Nb, n.k. - Kikundi cha Stibiotantalite) 08.01.03.01 (Multiple Oxides with Nb, Ta, and Ti: A(XO₄) Type - Stibiotantalite Series) 08.01.03.01 (Oksidi Nyingi zenye Nb, Ta, na Ti: Aina ya A(XO₄) - Msururu wa Stibiotantalite) Orthorhombic Ortorombiki false, true 5.0 5.5 Stibiotantalite Group (Oxides) Kundi la Stibiotantalite (Oksidi) australia, brazil, madagascar, mozambique, namibia, rwanda, uganda, united_states Poor Maskini Brown Kahawia Black Nyeusi Australia Brazil Madagascar Mozambique","color":["brown","black"],"wearability":"poor","countries":["australia","brazil","madagascar","mozambique","namibia","rwanda","uganda","united_states"],"hardness_min":5,"hardness_max":5.5},{"id":4910,"title":"Cattierite","url":"https://crystals.rocks/sw/minerals/cattierite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/cattierite.jpg","excerpt":"Cattierite ni madini adimu ya salfaidi ya kobalti yenye fomula ya kemikali CoS₂, ya kundi la piriti. Iligunduliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika amana tajiri za shaba-kobalti za tabaka za Katanga Copperbelt katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, kwa kawaida hutokea kama fuwele ndogo za metali zenye rangi ya kijivu-pinki hadi kijivu giza, viwele, na makusanyiko ya punje vinavyohusishwa na salfaidi nyingine za metali za msingi.","formula":"CoS₂","search":"Cattierite Cobalt Disulfide, Cattierit, Каттьерит CoS₂ Ctr Cattierite is a rare cobalt sulfide mineral with the chemical formula CoS₂, belonging to the pyrite group. First discovered in the rich stratiform copper-cobalt deposits of the Katanga Copperbelt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, it typically occurs as metallic pinkish-gray to dark gray microscopic crystals, cubes, and granular aggregates associated with other base-metal sulfides. Cattierite ni madini adimu ya salfaidi ya kobalti yenye fomula ya kemikali CoS₂, ya kundi la piriti. Iligunduliwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika amana tajiri za shaba-kobalti za tabaka za Katanga Copperbelt katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, kwa kawaida hutokea kama fuwele ndogo za metali zenye rangi ya kijivu-pinki hadi kijivu giza, viwele, na makusanyiko ya punje vinavyohusishwa na salfaidi nyingine za metali za msingi. Co, S mineral_species spishi_za_madini 02.EB.05a 02.12.01.04 Isometric Isometriki false, true 4.0 4.5 Pyrite Group Kundi la Piriti australia, austria, canada, democratic_republic_of_the_congo, finland, germany, morocco, russia, united_states, zambia Poor Maskini Pink waridi Gray Kijivu Black Nyeusi Australia Austria Canada Kanada Democratic Republic Of The Congo","color":["pink","gray","black"],"wearability":"poor","countries":["australia","austria","canada","democratic_republic_of_the_congo","finland","germany","morocco","russia","united_states","zambia"],"hardness_min":4,"hardness_max":4.5},{"id":4908,"title":"Delhayelite","url":"https://crystals.rocks/sw/minerals/delhayelite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/delhayelite.jpg","excerpt":"Delhayelite ni madini adimu, yenye muundo tata wa kihaidroksi potasiamu-kalsiamu-sodiamu phyllosilicate iliyo na halojeni tete muhimu na anioni za sulfate (Cl, F, na SO₄²⁻). Hapo awali iligunduliwa katika lava za nephelinite za peralkaline zisizojaa silika za Mlima Shaheru katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, inakristali katika mfumo wa fuwele wa orthorhombic na hutumika kama madini muhimu ya kiashirio kwa tete za hatua ya mwisho...","formula":"K₇Na₃Ca₅[Al₆Si₁₄O₃₈]F₄Cl₂(SO₄) · 2H₂O","search":"Delhayelite IMA 1961-008; Potassium calcium sodium aluminosilicate chloride fluoride sulfate IMA 1961-008; Potasiamu kalsiamu sodiamu aluminiosilikati kloridi fluoridi sulfati K₇Na₃Ca₅[Al₆Si₁₄O₃₈]F₄Cl₂(SO₄) · 2H₂O Dlh Delhayelite is a rare, structurally complex hydrous potassium-calcium-sodium phyllosilicate mineral containing essential volatile halogens and sulfate anions (Cl, F, and SO₄²⁻). Initially discovered in the silica-undersaturated peralkaline nephelinite lavas of Mount Shaheru in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, it crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system and serves as an important indicator mineral for late-stage volatile... Delhayelite ni madini adimu, yenye muundo tata wa kihaidroksi potasiamu-kalsiamu-sodiamu phyllosilicate iliyo na halojeni tete muhimu na anioni za sulfate (Cl, F, na SO₄²⁻). Hapo awali iligunduliwa katika lava za nephelinite za peralkaline zisizojaa silika za Mlima Shaheru katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, inakristali katika mfumo wa fuwele wa orthorhombic na hutumika kama madini muhimu ya kiashirio kwa tete za hatua ya mwisho... Delhayelite is a rare, structurally complex hydrous potassium-calcium-sodium phyllosilicate mineral containing essential volatile halogens and sulfate anions (Cl, F, and SO₄²⁻). Initially discovered in the silica-undersaturated peralkaline nephelinite lavas of Mount Shaheru in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, it crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system and serves as an important indicator mineral for late-stage volatile and alkali enrichment in hyper-agpaitic igneous environments. Delhayelite ni madini adimu, yenye muundo tata, yenye maji, ya phyllosilicate ya potasiamu-kalisi-sodiamu iliyo na halojeni tete muhimu na anion sulfati (Cl, F, na SO₄²⁻). Hapo awali iligunduliwa katika lava za nephelinite za peralkaline zisizojaa silika za Mlima Shaheru katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, huunda fuwele katika mfumo wa fuwele wa orthorhombic na hutumika kama madini muhimu ya kiashirio cha utajiri wa tete na alkali wa hatua ya mwisho katika mazingira ya ignea ya hyper-agpaitic. Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), Aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si), Oxygen (O), Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Sulfur (S), Hydrogen (H) Potasiamu (K), Sodiamu (Na), Kalsiamu (Ca), Alumini (Al), Silikoni (Si), Oksijeni (O), Florini (F), Klorini (Cl), Salfa (S), Hidrojeni (H) mineral_species spishi_za_madini 09.EA.10 74.03.02.01 Orthorhombic Ortorombiki true, false 3.5 4.0 Delhayelite Group Kikundi cha Delhayelite democratic_republic_of_the_congo, morocco, russia, tanzania Poor Maskini Colorless isiyo na rangi orangy Yellow (oY) Manjano ya machungwa (oY) Yellow (Y) Njano (Y) White","color":["colorless","orangy_yellow","yellow","white","gray","brown"],"wearability":"poor","countries":["democratic_republic_of_the_congo","morocco","russia","tanzania"],"hardness_min":3.5,"hardness_max":4},{"id":250,"title":"forsterite","url":"https://crystals.rocks/sw/minerals/forsterite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Forsterite-768x510.jpg","excerpt":"Forsterite ni kiungo cha mwisho chenye utajiri wa magnesiamu katika mfululizo wa suluhu dhabiti ya olivine (Mg₂SiO₄ - Fe₂SiO₄), kinachokristali katika mfumo wa fuwele wa orthorombiki. Kama madini muhimu ya orthosilicate (nesosilicate) inayounda miamba, kinajumuisha awamu kuu ya ujazo wa vazi la juu la Dunia (peridotite/dunite) na kimeenea katika miamba ya ignea ya ultramafic, chokaa za dolomite zilizobadilishwa kwa mawasiliano, na meteorite za chondritic za awali. Aina za kati za ubora wa vito tajiri wa...","formula":"Mg₂SiO₄","search":"Forsterite Magnesium olivine, Peridot (gem variety), Chrysolite (archaic), Bolitas, White olivine Olivine ya magnesiamu, Peridot (aina ya kito), Chrysolite (kizamani), Bolitas, Olivine nyeupe Mg₂SiO₄ Fo Forsterite is the magnesium-rich endmember of the olivine solid-solution series (Mg₂SiO₄ - Fe₂SiO₄), crystallizing in the orthorhombic crystal system. As an essential rock-forming orthosilicate (nesosilicate) mineral, it constitutes the dominant volumetric phase of Earth's upper mantle (peridotite/dunite) and is widespread in ultramafic igneous rocks, contact-metamorphosed dolomitic limestones, and primitive chondritic meteorites. Gem-quality intermediate varieties rich in... Forsterite ni kiungo cha mwisho chenye utajiri wa magnesiamu katika mfululizo wa suluhu dhabiti ya olivine (Mg₂SiO₄ - Fe₂SiO₄), kinachokristali katika mfumo wa fuwele wa orthorombiki. Kama madini muhimu ya orthosilicate (nesosilicate) inayounda miamba, kinajumuisha awamu kuu ya ujazo wa vazi la juu la Dunia (peridotite/dunite) na kimeenea katika miamba ya ignea ya ultramafic, chokaa za dolomite zilizobadilishwa kwa mawasiliano, na meteorite za chondritic za awali. Aina za kati za ubora wa vito tajiri wa... Forsterite is the magnesium-rich endmember of the olivine solid-solution series (Mg₂SiO₄ - Fe₂SiO₄), crystallizing in the orthorhombic crystal system. As an essential rock-forming orthosilicate (nesosilicate) mineral, it constitutes the dominant volumetric phase of Earth's upper mantle (peridotite/dunite) and is widespread in ultramafic igneous rocks, contact-metamorphosed dolomitic limestones, and primitive chondritic meteorites. Gem-quality intermediate varieties rich in the forsterite component are celebrated worldwide as Peridot. Forsterite ni mwisho wenye magnesi nyingi wa mfululizo wa suluhisho dhabiti la olivine (Mg₂SiO₄ - Fe₂SiO₄), unaokristali katika mfumo wa fuwele wa orthorhombic. Kama madini muhimu ya orthosilicate (nesosilicate) inayounda miamba, inajumuisha awamu kuu ya kiasi ya vazi la juu la Dunia (peridotite/dunite) na ipo kwa wingi katika miamba ya igneous ya ultramafic, chokaa za dolomitic zilizobadilishwa na mguso, na meteorites za chondritic za awali. Aina za kati zenye ubora wa vito zilizo tajiri katika kipengele cha forsterite zinasifika ulimwenguni kote kama Peridot. Mg, Si, O mineral_species spishi_za_madini 09.AC.05 51.03.01.01 Orthorhombic Ortorombiki true, false 6.5 7.0 Olivine Group Kikundi cha Olivini australia, brazil, canada, china, egypt, finland, germany, italy, myanmar, norway, pakistan, russia, south_africa, sri_lanka, united_states Good Vizuri Colorless isiyo na rangi Yellow (Y) Njano (Y) greenish Yellow (gY) Njano wa kijani kidogo (gY) Yellow-Green or Green-Yellow (YG/GY) Machungwa-kijani au Kijani-machungwa (YG/GY)","color":["colorless","yellow","greenish_yellow","yellow_green_or_green_yellow","yellowish_green","green","white","gray"],"wearability":"good","countries":["australia","brazil","canada","china","egypt","finland","germany","italy","myanmar","norway","pakistan","russia","south_africa","sri_lanka","united_states"],"hardness_min":6.5,"hardness_max":7},{"id":251,"title":"galena","url":"https://crystals.rocks/sw/minerals/galena/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Galena-768x512.jpg","excerpt":"Galena ni aina kuu ya madini asilia ya risasi(II) sulfidi (PbS), inayakristali katika mfumo wa fuwele wa isometriki na muundo wa fuwele wa chumvi-mwamba wa aina ya halite. Kama madini muhimu zaidi na yenye wingi zaidi duniani ya risasi—na chanzo kikuu cha kihistoria cha fedha ya ziada—galena inasifika kwa mvuto maalum wa juu (~7.6), mng’ao wa metali unaong’aa, mstari wa kijivu-risasi, na mchemraba kamili...","formula":"PbS","search":"Galena Lead glance, Blue lead, Plumbago (archaic), Galenite, Bleiglanz Mng'ao wa risasi, Risasi ya bluu, Plumbago (ya kizamani), Galenite, Bleiglanz PbS Gn Galena is the primary natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide (PbS), crystallizing in the isometric crystal system with a halite-type rock-salt crystal structure. As the world's most critical and abundant ore of lead—and a major historical source of byproduct silver—galena is celebrated for its high specific gravity (~7.6), splendent metallic luster, lead-gray streak, and perfect cubic... Galena ni aina kuu ya madini asilia ya risasi(II) sulfidi (PbS), inayakristali katika mfumo wa fuwele wa isometriki na muundo wa fuwele wa chumvi-mwamba wa aina ya halite. Kama madini muhimu zaidi na yenye wingi zaidi duniani ya risasi—na chanzo kikuu cha kihistoria cha fedha ya ziada—galena inasifika kwa mvuto maalum wa juu (~7.6), mng’ao wa metali unaong’aa, mstari wa kijivu-risasi, na mchemraba kamili... Galena is the primary natural mineral form of lead(II) sulfide (PbS), crystallizing in the isometric crystal system with a halite-type rock-salt crystal structure. As the world's most critical and abundant ore of lead—and a major historical source of byproduct silver—galena is celebrated for its high specific gravity (~7.6), splendent metallic luster, lead-gray streak, and perfect cubic cleavage along three perpendicular planes. Galena ni umbo asilia kuu la madini la sulfidi ya risasi(II) (PbS), inayounda fuwele katika mfumo wa fuwele wa isometriki na muundo wa fuwele wa aina ya chumvi-mwamba wa halite. Kama madini muhimu zaidi na yenye wingi zaidi duniani ya risasi—na chanzo kikuu cha kihistoria cha fedha ya ziada—galena inasifiwa kwa mvuto maalum wake wa juu (~7.6), mng'ao wake wa metali unaometa, mstari wake wa rangi ya kijivu ya risasi, na upasuko wake kamili wa ujazo kwenye nyuso tatu za pembeni. Pb, S mineral_species spishi_za_madini 02.CD.10 02.08.01.01 Isometric (cubic) Isometri (mchemraba) false, true 2.5 2.75 Galena Group Kikundi cha Galena argentina, australia, austria, bolivia, bulgaria, canada, chile, china, czechia, france, germany, ireland, italy, japan, kazakhstan, mexico, morocco, namibia, peru, poland, romania, russia, south_africa, spain, sweden, switzerland, united_kingdom, united_states Display only Onyesha pekee Gray Kijivu Black Nyeusi Argentina Australia Austria Bolivia","color":["gray","black"],"wearability":"display_only","countries":["argentina","australia","austria","bolivia","bulgaria","canada","chile","china","czechia","france","germany","ireland","italy","japan","kazakhstan","mexico","morocco","namibia","peru","poland","romania","russia","south_africa","spain","sweden","switzerland","united_kingdom","united_states"],"hardness_min":2.5,"hardness_max":2.75},{"id":4909,"title":"Geversite","url":"https://crystals.rocks/sw/minerals/geversite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/geversite.jpg","excerpt":"Geversite ni madini adimu ya kundi la platinamu (PGM) yenye muundo wa kemikali PtSb₂, inayokristali katika aina ya muundo wa isometriki wa pyrite. Ilielezwa kwa mara ya kwanza kutoka Mgodi wa Driekop katika Bushveld Igneous Complex, Afrika Kusini, huunda punje ndogo za metali, cubes za euhedral, na michanganyiko tata inayopatikana kwa kawaida katika miamba ya ultramafic, chromitites, na amana za sulfidi za magmatic.","formula":"PtSb₂","search":"Geversite Platinum Diantimonide, Geversit, Геверсит PtSb₂ Gev Geversite is a rare platinum-group mineral (PGM) with the chemical composition PtSb₂, crystallizing in the isometric pyrite structure type. First described from the Driekop Mine in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa, it forms microscopic metallic grains, euhedral cubes, and complex intergrowths typically hosted in ultramafic rocks, chromitites, and magmatic sulfide deposits. Geversite ni madini adimu ya kundi la platinamu (PGM) yenye muundo wa kemikali PtSb₂, inayokristali katika aina ya muundo wa isometriki wa pyrite. Ilielezwa kwa mara ya kwanza kutoka Mgodi wa Driekop katika Bushveld Igneous Complex, Afrika Kusini, huunda punje ndogo za metali, cubes za euhedral, na michanganyiko tata inayopatikana kwa kawaida katika miamba ya ultramafic, chromitites, na amana za sulfidi za magmatic. Pt, Sb mineral_species spishi_za_madini 02.EB.05a 02.12.01.03 Isometric Isometriki false, true 4.5 5.5 Pyrite Group Kundi la Piriti australia, canada, china, finland, india, russia, south_africa, tanzania, united_states, zimbabwe Poor Maskini White nyeupe Gray Kijivu Australia Canada Kanada China Finland Ufini India","color":["white","gray"],"wearability":"poor","countries":["australia","canada","china","finland","india","russia","south_africa","tanzania","united_states","zimbabwe"],"hardness_min":4.5,"hardness_max":5.5},{"id":257,"title":"Chumvi","url":"https://crystals.rocks/sw/minerals/halite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Halite-768x768.png","excerpt":"Halite ni umbo la madini la sodiamu kloridi (NaCl), ambalo linajulikana kwa jina la chumvi ya mwamba. Huunda kristali za isotometria katika matunzio ya evaporite na ni muhimu kwa maisha ya binadamu, viwanda, na uzalishaji wa kemikali.","formula":"NaCl","search":"Halite Chumvi Rock salt, Table salt, Common salt Chumvi ya mawe, Chumvi ya meza, Chumvi kawaida NaCl Hlt Afya Halite is the mineral form of sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as rock salt. It forms isometric crystals in evaporite deposits and is essential to human life, industry, and chemical production. Halite ni umbo la madini la sodiamu kloridi (NaCl), ambalo linajulikana kwa jina la chumvi ya mwamba. Huunda kristali za isotometria katika matunzio ya evaporite na ni muhimu kwa maisha ya binadamu, viwanda, na uzalishaji wa kemikali. Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl) Sodiamu (Na), Klorini (Cl) mineral_species spishi_za_madini 03.AA.20 09.01.01.01 Isometric (Cubic) Isometriki (Mchemraba) true, false 2 2.5 Halides (Halite Group) Halaidi (Kundi la Haliiti) algeria, argentina, australia, austria, bolivia, canada, chile, china, egypt, ethiopia, germany, iran, israel, kazakhstan, mexico, pakistan, poland, romania, russia, spain, tunisia, ukraine, united_kingdom, united_states Poor Maskini Colorless isiyo na rangi White nyeupe Algeria Argentina Australia","color":["colorless","white"],"wearability":"poor","countries":["algeria","argentina","australia","austria","bolivia","canada","chile","china","egypt","ethiopia","germany","iran","israel","kazakhstan","mexico","pakistan","poland","romania","russia","spain","tunisia","ukraine","united_kingdom","united_states"],"hardness_min":2,"hardness_max":2.5},{"id":4906,"title":"Manandonite","url":"https://crystals.rocks/sw/minerals/manandonite/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/manandonite-768x596.jpg","excerpt":"Manandonite ni aina ya madini adimu sana, yenye lithiamu na boroni, ya trioktahedra-dioktahedra phyllosilicate, ambayo kitaalamu ni ya kundi la 1:1 serpentine-kaolinite. Ilithibitishwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika pegmatite za graniti zilizotenganishwa sana za Madagaska, ni ya kipekee katika sayansi ya madini kama mojawapo ya silika za karatasi chache zinazokubali boroni muhimu ya kimuundo kwenye tabaka za tetrahedra pamoja na lithiamu muhimu ya oktahedra na...","formula":"Li₂Al₄(Si₂AlB)O₁₀₈","search":"Manandonite Boron-bearing serpentine, Boro-corundophilite, Manandonite-2H, Boron chlorite (archaic) Serpentini yenye boroni, Boro-corundophilite, Manandonite-2H, Kloriti ya boroni (ya kizamani) Li₂Al₄(Si₂AlB)O₁₀₈ Mnd Manandonite is an extraordinarily rare, lithium- and boron-bearing trioctahedral-dioctahedral phyllosilicate mineral species belonging structurally to the 1:1 serpentine-kaolinite group. First documented in the highly fractionated granitic pegmatites of Madagascar, it is unique in mineralogy as one of the few sheet silicates that accommodates essential structural boron into the tetrahedral layers along with essential octahedral lithium and... Manandonite ni aina ya madini adimu sana, yenye lithiamu na boroni, ya trioktahedra-dioktahedra phyllosilicate, ambayo kitaalamu ni ya kundi la 1:1 serpentine-kaolinite. Ilithibitishwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika pegmatite za graniti zilizotenganishwa sana za Madagaska, ni ya kipekee katika sayansi ya madini kama mojawapo ya silika za karatasi chache zinazokubali boroni muhimu ya kimuundo kwenye tabaka za tetrahedra pamoja na lithiamu muhimu ya oktahedra na... Manandonite is an extraordinarily rare, lithium- and boron-bearing trioctahedral-dioctahedral phyllosilicate mineral species belonging structurally to the 1:1 serpentine-kaolinite group. First documented in the highly fractionated granitic pegmatites of Madagascar, it is unique in mineralogy as one of the few sheet silicates that accommodates essential structural boron into the tetrahedral layers along with essential octahedral lithium and aluminum. Manandonite ni aina ya madini adimu sana ya phyllosilicate iliyo na lithiamu na boroni, trioctahedral-dioctahedral, ambayo kimuundo ni ya kundi la 1:1 serpentine-kaolinite. Ilirekodiwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika pegmatite za granitic zilizogawanyika sana za Madagaska, ni ya kipekee katika elimu ya madini kama mojawapo ya silicate za karatasi chache zinazokubali boroni muhimu ya kimuundo katika tabaka za tetrahedral pamoja na lithiamu na alumini muhimu za oktahedral. Lithium (Li), Aluminum (Al), Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Oxygen (O), Hydrogen (H) Lithiumi (Li), Alumini (Al), Boroni (B), Silikoni (Si), Oksijeni (O), Hidrojeni (H) mineral_species spishi_za_madini 09.ED.15 (Class: Silicates; Division: Phyllosilicates; Subdivision: Phyllosilicates with kaolinite layers composed of 1:1 tetrahedral and octahedral sheets) 09.ED.15 (Darasa: Silikati; Mgawanyiko: Filosilikati; Mgawanyiko mdogo: Filosilikati zenye tabaka za kaoliniti zinazoundwa na bamba za tetrahedral na octahedral kwa uwiano wa 1:1) 71.01.02c.03 (Phyllosilicates: Layered Silicates with 1:1 Layers - Trioctahedral and Interstratified) 71.01.02c.03 (Filosilikati: Silikati za Matabaka zenye Matabaka ya 1:1 - Trioktahedra na Zilizotabakishwa) Triclinic (pseudo-hexagonal / pseudo-monoclinic geometry) Trikliniki (jiometri ya pseudo-heksagonali / pseudo-monokliniki) true, false 2.5 3.5 Serpentine-Kaolinite Group (Phyllosilicates) Kundi la Serpentini-Kaolini (Filosilikati) czechia, madagascar, russia Poor Maskini Colorless isiyo na rangi White nyeupe Czechia","color":["colorless","white"],"wearability":"poor","countries":["czechia","madagascar","russia"],"hardness_min":2.5,"hardness_max":3.5},{"id":4905,"title":"Pseudorutile","url":"https://crystals.rocks/sw/minerals/pseudorutile/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Pseudorutile-2.gif","excerpt":"Pseudorutile ni madini ya kati ya oksidi ya titani-chuma yanayoundwa hasa wakati wa hali ya hewa ya joto la chini na uchujaji unaoendelea wa ilmenite katika amana za mchanga wa madini mazito. Kwa kimuundo na kikemia ni tofauti na rutile na ilmenite, ina jukumu muhimu la mpito katika mfuatano wa mabadiliko ya supergene kutoka ilmenite hadi leukoxene na rutile/anatase ya pili, na kuifanya kuwa awamu muhimu katika dunia...","formula":"Fe³⁺₂Ti₃O₉","search":"Pseudorutile Acharavalite, Leucoxene (in part), Protolencoxene, Hydroxypseudorutile (related) Acharavalite, Leucoxene (kwa sehemu), Protolencoxene, Hydroxypseudorutile (inayohusiana) Fe³⁺₂Ti₃O₉ Prt Pseudorutile is an intermediate titanium-iron oxide mineral formed primarily during the low-temperature weathering and progressive leaching of ilmenite in heavy mineral sand deposits. Structurally and chemically distinct from rutile and ilmenite, it plays a vital transitional role in the supergene alteration sequence from ilmenite to leucoxene and secondary rutile/anatase, making it an essential phase in global... Pseudorutile ni madini ya kati ya oksidi ya titani-chuma yanayoundwa hasa wakati wa hali ya hewa ya joto la chini na uchujaji unaoendelea wa ilmenite katika amana za mchanga wa madini mazito. Kwa kimuundo na kikemia ni tofauti na rutile na ilmenite, ina jukumu muhimu la mpito katika mfuatano wa mabadiliko ya supergene kutoka ilmenite hadi leukoxene na rutile/anatase ya pili, na kuifanya kuwa awamu muhimu katika dunia... Pseudorutile is an intermediate titanium-iron oxide mineral formed primarily during the low-temperature weathering and progressive leaching of ilmenite in heavy mineral sand deposits. Structurally and chemically distinct from rutile and ilmenite, it plays a vital transitional role in the supergene alteration sequence from ilmenite to leucoxene and secondary rutile/anatase, making it an essential phase in global titanium placer mining and processing. Pseudorutile ni madini ya kati ya oksidi ya titani-chuma yanayoundwa hasa wakati wa upeperushaji wa joto la chini na uchujaji unaoendelea wa ilmenite katika amana za mchanga wa madini mazito. Kimaumbile na kikemia ni tofauti na rutile na ilmenite, na lina jukumu muhimu la mpito katika mlolongo wa ubadilishaji wa juu kutoka ilmenite hadi leucoxene na rutile/anatase ya pili, na kuifanya kuwa awamu muhimu katika uchimbaji na usindikaji wa plasa ya titani duniani kote. Fe, Ti, O mineral_species spishi_za_madini 04.CB.05 04.03.09.01 Hexagonal pembe sita false, true 3.0 4.0 Pseudorutile Group / Oxides Pseudorutile Kundi / Oksidi australia, brazil, india, madagascar, norway, south_africa, united_states Display only Onyesha pekee Brown Kahawia Black Nyeusi Australia Brazil India Madagascar","color":["brown","black"],"wearability":"display_only","countries":["australia","brazil","india","madagascar","norway","south_africa","united_states"],"hardness_min":3,"hardness_max":4},{"id":188,"title":"kwatzi","url":"https://crystals.rocks/sw/minerals/quartz/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Quartz-768x575.jpg","excerpt":"Quartz ni polimofu ya trigonal yenye halijoto ya chini ya dioksidi ya silikoni (SiO₂), thabiti hadi 573 °C kwa shinikizo la kawaida. Kama kigezo bora cha ugumu wa Mohs 7 na mojawapo ya madini ya fremu ya tectosilicate yaliyo mengi katika ukoko wa bara la Dunia, quartz inajulikana kwa piezoelectricity yake kali, uimara wa kemikali, kutokuwa na mipasuko, na msururu mpana...","formula":"SiO₂","search":"Quartz kwatzi Alpha-quartz, Low-quartz, Rock crystal (macro-crystalline colorless), Silica, Quarz Kwatzi ya alpha, kwatzi ya chini, fuwele ya mwamba (yenye fuwele kubwa isiyo na rangi), silika, kwatzi SiO₂ Qtz Quartz is the definitive low-temperature trigonal polymorph of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), stable up to 573 °C at ambient pressures. As the defining benchmark for Mohs hardness 7 and one of the most abundant rock-forming framework tectosilicates in the Earth's continental crust, quartz is renowned for its strong piezoelectricity, chemical durability, absence of cleavage, and extensive suite... Quartz ni polimofu ya trigonal yenye halijoto ya chini ya dioksidi ya silikoni (SiO₂), thabiti hadi 573 °C kwa shinikizo la kawaida. Kama kigezo bora cha ugumu wa Mohs 7 na mojawapo ya madini ya fremu ya tectosilicate yaliyo mengi katika ukoko wa bara la Dunia, quartz inajulikana kwa piezoelectricity yake kali, uimara wa kemikali, kutokuwa na mipasuko, na msururu mpana... Quartz is the definitive low-temperature trigonal polymorph of silicon dioxide (SiO₂), stable up to 573 °C at ambient pressures. As the defining benchmark for Mohs hardness 7 and one of the most abundant rock-forming framework tectosilicates in the Earth's continental crust, quartz is renowned for its strong piezoelectricity, chemical durability, absence of cleavage, and extensive suite of colored macrocrystalline and microcrystalline (chalcedony) varieties. Quartzi ni polimofu ya trigonal ya joto la chini dhahiri ya dioksidi ya silikoni (SiO₂), thabiti hadi 573 °C katika shinikizo la kawaida. Kama kigezo bora cha ugumu wa Mohs 7 na mojawapo ya tectosilicate za mfumo wa miamba zinazopatikana kwa wingi katika ukoko wa bara la Dunia, quartz inajulikana kwa piezoelectricity yake kali, uimara wa kemikali, kutokuwepo kwa mgawanyiko, na aina nyingi za rangi za makrocrystalline na microcrystalline (chalcedony). Silicon (Si), Oxygen (O) Silikoni (Si), Oksijeni (O) mineral_species spishi_za_madini 04.DA.05 75.01.03.01 Trigonal (low/alpha quartz); hexagonal symmetry for high/beta quartz above 573 °C Trigonali (kuarzi ya chini/alfa); ulinganifu wa hexagonal kwa kuarzi ya juu/beta juu ya 573 °C true, false 7 Quartz Group (Silicates / Oxides) Kundi la Kwarzi (Silikati / Oksidi) australia, austria, brazil, canada, china, france, germany, india, italy, japan, madagascar, mexico, namibia, norway, pakistan, peru, russia, south_africa, spain, switzerland, united_kingdom, united_states Excellent Bora Colorless isiyo na rangi Purple (P) Zambarau (P) Pink waridi Yellow (Y)","color":["colorless","purple","pink","yellow","green","white","gray","brown","black"],"wearability":"excellent","countries":["australia","austria","brazil","canada","china","france","germany","india","italy","japan","madagascar","mexico","namibia","norway","pakistan","peru","russia","south_africa","spain","switzerland","united_kingdom","united_states"],"hardness_min":7,"hardness_max":7},{"id":23,"title":"Ruby","url":"https://crystals.rocks/sw/minerals/ruby/","image":"https://crystals.rocks/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/imgi_212_Cut_Ruby_Image-768x395.jpg","excerpt":"Ruby ni aina nyekundu ya kifahari, yenye ubora wa vito, ya spishi ya madini korundamu (oksidi ya alumini, Al₂O₃), rangi yake husababishwa hasa na viwango vidogo vya kromi (Cr³⁺ ikichukua nafasi ya Al³⁺ katika uratibu wa oktahedral). Inajulikana kama mojawapo ya vito vikuu vya jadi, inaonyesha ugumu wa kipekee wa Mohs (9), fahirisi za juu za kuakisi mwanga, pleokroizmu dhahiri, na mwangaza mkali wa fluorescence nyekundu unaosababishwa na kromi chini ya mwanga wa UV wa mawimbi marefu...","formula":"Al₂O₃:Cr","search":"Ruby Red Corundum, Pigeon's Blood Ruby, Star Ruby, Oriental Ruby (archaic), Carbuncle (historical) Al₂O₃:Cr Crn Ruby is the prestigious red, gem-quality variety of the mineral species corundum (aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃), colored predominantly by trace amounts of chromium (Cr³⁺ substituting for Al³⁺ in octahedral coordination). Renowned as one of the traditional cardinal gemstones, it exhibits exceptional Mohs hardness (9), high refractive indices, pronounced pleochroism, and vivid chromium-induced red fluorescence under longwave UV... Ruby ni aina nyekundu ya kifahari, yenye ubora wa vito, ya spishi ya madini korundamu (oksidi ya alumini, Al₂O₃), rangi yake husababishwa hasa na viwango vidogo vya kromi (Cr³⁺ ikichukua nafasi ya Al³⁺ katika uratibu wa oktahedral). Inajulikana kama mojawapo ya vito vikuu vya jadi, inaonyesha ugumu wa kipekee wa Mohs (9), fahirisi za juu za kuakisi mwanga, pleokroizmu dhahiri, na mwangaza mkali wa fluorescence nyekundu unaosababishwa na kromi chini ya mwanga wa UV wa mawimbi marefu... mineral_variety aina ya madini 04.CB.05 04.03.01.01 Al, O; typically trace Cr, Fe, Ti, V Al, O; kwa kawaida athari za Cr, Fe, Ti, V Trigonal (rhombohedral) Trigonali (rhombohedrali) false, true 9 afghanistan, australia, cambodia, china, india, kenya, madagascar, mozambique, myanmar, nepal, north_macedonia, pakistan, russia, sri_lanka, tajikistan, tanzania, thailand, united_states, vietnam Ruby is the prestigious red, gem-quality variety of the mineral species corundum (aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃), colored predominantly by trace amounts of chromium (Cr³⁺ substituting for Al³⁺ in octahedral coordination). Renowned as one of the traditional cardinal gemstones, it exhibits exceptional Mohs hardness (9), high refractive indices, pronounced pleochroism, and vivid chromium-induced red fluorescence under longwave UV radiation. Rubi ni aina ya kito chekundu cha fahari cha spishi ya madini korundamu (oksidi ya alumini, Al₂O₃), chenye rangi inayotokana hasa na kiwango kidogo cha kromi (Cr³⁺ ikichukua nafasi ya Al³⁺ katika uratibu wa oktahedra). Inajulikana kama mojawapo ya vito vikuu vya jadi, huonyesha ugumu wa kipekee wa Mohs (9), fahirisi za juu za kuakisi mwanga, pleokroizimu iliyo wazi, na mwanga mwekundu unaong'aa unaosababishwa na kromi chini ya mionzi ya UV ya wimbi refu. Corundum Group (Oxides) Kundi la Korundamu (Oksidi) Excellent Bora reddish Purple (rP) Zambarau Nyekundu (rP) Red-Purple or Purple-Red (RP/PR) Nyekundu-Zambarau au Zambarau-Nyekundu (RP/PR) Pink waridi Red (R) Nyekundu (R) orangy Red (oR)","color":["reddish_purple","red_purple_or_purple_red","pink","red","orangy_red"],"wearability":"excellent","countries":["afghanistan","australia","cambodia","china","india","kenya","madagascar","mozambique","myanmar","nepal","north_macedonia","pakistan","russia","sri_lanka","tajikistan","tanzania","thailand","united_states","vietnam"],"hardness_min":9,"hardness_max":9}],"facet_translations":{"color":{"brown":"Kahawia","black":"Nyeusi","pink":"waridi","gray":"Kijivu","colorless":"isiyo na rangi","orangy_yellow":"Manjano ya machungwa (oY)","yellow":"Njano (Y)","white":"nyeupe","greenish_yellow":"Njano wa kijani kidogo (gY)","yellow_green_or_green_yellow":"Machungwa-kijani au Kijani-machungwa (YG/GY)","yellowish_green":"kijani jenjano (yG)","green":"Kijani (G)","purple":"Zambarau (P)","reddish_purple":"Zambarau Nyekundu (rP)","red_purple_or_purple_red":"Nyekundu-Zambarau au Zambarau-Nyekundu (RP/PR)","red":"Nyekundu (R)","orangy_red":"Nyekundu-machungwa (oR)"},"wearability":{"poor":"Maskini","good":"Vizuri","display_only":"Onyesha pekee","excellent":"Bora"},"countries":{"australia":"Australia","brazil":"Brazil","madagascar":"Madagascar","mozambique":"Mozambique","namibia":"Namibia","rwanda":"Rwanda","uganda":"Uganda","united_states":"Marekani","austria":"Austria","canada":"Kanada","democratic_republic_of_the_congo":"Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo","finland":"Ufini","germany":"Ujerumani","morocco":"Moroko","russia":"Russia","zambia":"Zambia","tanzania":"Tanzania","china":"China","egypt":"Misri","italy":"Italia","myanmar":"Myanmar","norway":"Norwe","pakistan":"Pakistan","south_africa":"Afrika Kusini","sri_lanka":"Sri Lanka","argentina":"Argentina","bolivia":"Bolivia","bulgaria":"Bulgaria","chile":"Chile","czechia":"Cheki","france":"Ufaransa","ireland":"Ayalandi","japan":"Japani","kazakhstan":"Kazakhstan","mexico":"Meksiko","peru":"Peru","poland":"Poland","romania":"Romaniya","spain":"Uhispania","sweden":"Uswidi","switzerland":"Uswisi","united_kingdom":"Uingereza","india":"India","zimbabwe":"Zimbabwe","algeria":"Algeria","ethiopia":"Ethiopia","iran":"Uajemi","israel":"Israel","tunisia":"Tunisia","ukraine":"Ukraine","afghanistan":"Afghanistan","cambodia":"Kambodia","kenya":"Kenya","nepal":"Nepal","north_macedonia":"Makedonia ya Kaskazini","tajikistan":"Tajikistan","thailand":"Thailand","vietnam":"Vietnam"}},"ui":{"color":"Color","wearability":"Wearability","country":"Country","formula":"Fomula ya kemikali","no_options":"No options assigned yet.","search_prefix":"Search","hardness_prefix":"Hardness","to":"to","any":"any","loading":"Loading mineral collection...","load_error":"The mineral collection could not be loaded.","retry":"Try again","home_search_hint":"Press Search to query the complete mineral database.","home_match_one":"Madini %s yanayolingana","home_match_many":"Madini %s yanayolingana","unavailable":"Unavailable","mineral":"mineral","minerals":"minerals","a_to_z":"A to Z","z_to_a":"Z to A","mineral_record":"Rekodi ya madini","mohs":"Mohs","not_listed":"Haijaorodheshwa","open_record":"Fungua rekodi hii ili kuona wasifu kamili wa kijiolojia wa madini.","shown":"%s zimeonyeshwa","no_matching":"Hakuna madini yanayolingana yaliyopatikana.","no_records":"No mineral records are available yet.","retrying_records":"Retrying mineral records...","records_error":"Mineral records could not be loaded.","index_unavailable":"The mineral index is unavailable. 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